2 "Cells" on the same day: Tumor immunotherapy unlocks new roles Immune system is more resistant to cancer

Two recent studies, published in the leading academic journal Cell, have shown a breakthrough in showing another cancer-fighting force in the immune system.
power comes from the innity immune system.
body's immune system includes innitive and adaptive immunity.
When pathogens such as bacteria and viruses invade, the innate immune system is the first line of defense, providing an initial response quickly and mobilizing the adaptive immune system to defend it by detecting specific antigens associated with the pathogen.
adaptive immune system, such as B-cells and T-cells, produce long-lasting "immune memory" of pathogens, so the next time the same pathogen is encountered, the response is faster.
the innitive immune system used to be thought to lack memory compared to adaptive immunity.
the concept is being broken. A ground-breaking example of
comes from Therbecca, a vaccine originally designed to make the adaptive immune system remember TB bacteria, but it has also been found to "train" the innogeneic immune system to continuously enhance the immune response, thereby preventing respiratory infections caused by other viruses.
in addition to anti-infection, can innocular immune cells be trained to enhance their ability to fight tumors? Focusing on this, the two studies proposed new cancer immunotherapy.
the first study, scientists stimulated the innate immune system β compound called glucosaccharoids.
β-glucosaccharides, a compound derived from fungi, were injected into mice and found that they allowed melanoma cells injected later into mice to grow more slowly, showing anti-tumor activity, compared to the physiological saline control group.
team analyzed the mechanisms and found that neutrophils in innococular cells played a key role.
these cells are produced by differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
In mice stimulated by β-glucosin, the researchers found that bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells alter gene expression in favor of producing more neutral granulocytes, especially those associated with anti-tumor activity.
transplanting the bone marrow from these "immune-trained" mice to untreated mice could help the latter produce cancer-resistant neutral granulocytes, suggesting that this "training" has long-term effects.
With the stimulation of β-glucosaccharides, bone marrow cells produce more neutral granulocytes targeting tumors, which may kill tumors by producing more reactive oxygen (ROS) (Photo Source: Reuters) A press release from the research institute notes that β-glucosaccharides have been used in clinical trials of some cancer immunotherapy, a new finding sheds light on new mechanisms.
second study, scientists used a nanobiology-based approach.
have been extensively screened to identify a potential drug candidate to train innant immunity.
", based on highly biocompasitive nanomaterials, developed a new type of immunotherapy and conducted a preclinical evaluation.
our research is of great significance for both immunity and cancer treatment, and has real transformational potential.
willille Mulder of eindhoven Polytechnic University (TU/e) in the Netherlands, one of the study's leaders.
This nanobiological system, known as MTP10-HDL, has particles about 20 nanometers in diameter and binds to myelin pregenitic cells in the bone marrow when they enter the animal, prompting metabolic and gene expression changes to produce more innate immune cells.
melanoma mouse model, the researchers tested the nanotherapy's ability to inhibit tumor growth.
, they also found that this nanotherapy can enhance the effectiveness of immuno-checkpoint inhibitors! When MTP10-HDL was used in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy, tumor growth was more significantly inhibited than anti-PD-1 therapy alone.
map of the elimination of tumors based on nanobiological training of the immune system (Photo source: Resources; Credit: Willem Mulder, TU/e) In the paper, this nano-biological agent is also shown to be safe in non-human primates.
leading researchers have set up a biotech start-up, Trained Therapeutix Discovery (TTxD), which plans to advance the nanobiotherapy to Phase 1 clinical trials within the next two to four years.
hope that these new results will be translated into clinical immunotherapy as soon as possible for the benefit of more cancer patients.
Lydia Kalafati et al., (2020) Innate Immune Training of Granulpoiesis Promotes Anti-tumor Activity. Cell. DOI: [2] Bram Priem et al., (2020) Trained Immunity-Promoting Nanobiologic Therapy Suppresses Tumor Growth and Potentiates Checkpoint Inhibition. Cell. DOI: [3] Groundbreaking study on trained immunity to fight cancer. Retrieved Nov. 1 2020, from [4] Priming the immune system to attack cancer. Retrieved Nov. 1, 2020 from