echemi logo
Product
  • Product
  • Supplier
  • Inquiry
    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Discover how cells perceive and adapt to oxygen availability.

    2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Discover how cells perceive and adapt to oxygen availability.

    • Last Update: 2020-08-05
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
    Search more information of high quality chemicals, good prices and reliable suppliers, visit www.echemi.com
    On October 7, 2019, at 17:30 BST, American cancer scientist William J. G. G. Kaelin Jr., British clinician Peter J. Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and American clinician Greg Ratcliffe. Gregg L. Semenza won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering mechanisms for cell perception and adaptation to oxygen changes.
    2019 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine: William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and American medical scientist Greg Ratcliffe L. Semenza Jr. William G. Kaelin Jr., William George Kailin Jr., is an American oncologist and a professor at Harvard Medical School.
    was born in New York, USA, in 1957, received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Duke University in 1979 and a doctorate in medicine from Duke University in 1982.
    1998, Kailin became a researcher at the Howard Hughes Institute of Medicine.
    currently, Kailin is deputy director of the Basic Science Department at the Dana-Farber Institute at Harvard Medical School and senior physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital.
    Keeling's work contributes to understanding cell signaling conduction associated with cancer.
    his team included retinoblastoma, Sippel-Lindau syndrome (vHL), the anti-cancer gene RB-1, and p53.
    Shipper-Lindo syndrome is caused by a mutation in the VHL cancer-suppressing gene located in the short arm of chromosome 3 (3P25-26).
    Keeling found that the VHL protein inhibits it by participating in the labeling of hypoxia-inducing factors (HIF): if oxygen is insufficient, the hydroxyl degree of HIF is reduced and therefore cannot be properly labeled by the VHL protein, thus initiating the growth of blood vessels.
    2010, Kailin was elected a fellow of the National Academy of Sciences and received the Gairdner International Award, and in 2016 Helin received the Lasker Foundation Medical Research Award.
    for now, Keeling's research interest is to understand the effect of mutations in cancer-suppressing genes on tumor symbiosis, which is why mutations that affect tumor-suppressing genes can lead to cancer.
    Keeling hopes his work will lay the groundwork for new cancer therapies based on the biochemical function of specific tumor-suppressing proteins.
    Peter J. Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, Peter Ratcliffe. J Ratcliffe studied renal cyclophysiology at Cambridge University and St Bartolomew's Hospital before studying renal cyclophysiology at Oxford University.
    he then began studying the hematopoietic growth factor, erythropoietin, a substance produced by the kidneys that responds to a drop in blood oxygen levels.
    1990, as a senior fellow at the Wellcome Trust, he founded the Hypoxia Biology Laboratory in The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at Oxford University.
    the study opens up the discovery of an oxygen-sensing process that not only determines how the kidneys and liver regulate erythropoietin levels, but also exists in almost all animal cells, whether or not cells produce erythropoietin, which dominates many cellular and system processes in response to hypoxia.
    Ratcliffe was elected to the Royal Society and the British Academy of Medical Sciences in 2002.
    he is also a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) and an Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS).
    his work on oxygen perception has won several awards, including the 2016 Lasker Award.
    he has been Director of Clinical Research at the Francis Crick Institute since May 2016, and is a member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research at Oxford University and director of target Research and Development.
    Gregg L Semenza was born on July 1, 1956, in the United States.
    research direction is the regulation of oxygen metabolism in the life system.
    his team found that genes regulated by HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducing factor-1) act on mitochondrial breathing.
    it can guide cells' specific responses to hypoxia and changes in the cardiovascular system.
    can see overexpression of HIF in some cancer diseases.
    Semenza went to Harvard University in 1974 to study genetics and later earned a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania.
    to Johns Hopkins University in 1986 as a postdoctoral researcher and later became a professor at the university.
    Semenza became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2008.
    was awarded the Geldner International Award in 2010 and the Lasker Foundation Medical Research Award in 2016.
    animals need oxygen to convert food into useful energy.
    has known about the importance of oxygen for years, it has not been known how cells adapt to changes in oxygen levels.
    William G. Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Greg Ratcliffe Gregg L. Semenza has discovered the mechanisms by which cells perceive and adapt when oxygen levels are constantly changing.
    and the discovery of molecular machines that regulate gene activity to cope with the condition.
    's seminal discovery of this year's Nobel laureates reveals the most important adaptation processes in life.
    they provide us with an understanding of how oxygen levels affect cellular metabolism and physiological function.
    their findings also pave the way for new strategies to combat anaemia, cancer and many other diseases.
    Report: Or help treat diseases such as anemia cancer at 17:30 BST on October 7, 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: William G. Kaelin Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza receive the award in recognition of how cells perceive and adapt to availability.
    the basic properties of oxygen have been known for centuries, it has been unknown how cells adapt to changes in oxygen, and the discovery of this year's Nobel Prize winner in Physiological Medicine reveals the molecular mechanisms by which cells adapt to changes in oxygen supply.
    based on innovative research by the three Nobel laureates, there is a deeper understanding of how different oxygen levels regulate basic physiological processes, which allow cells to adapt to low oxygen levels of metabolism, such as the process of oxygen-sensing control, which includes the production of new blood vessels and red blood cells, when the body's muscles exercise vigorously.
    the body's immune system and many other physiological functions can also be subjected to the fine-tuning of oxygen-sensing mechanisms, which are essential for controlling normal blood vessel formation and placental development during fetal development.
    oxygenation mechanism is the core factor of many diseases, such as: chronic renal failure patients often due to the reduction of erythropoietin (EPO) expression leading to severe anemia, erythropoietin is produced by kidney cells, is very important to control the formation of red blood cells.
    , oxygen regulation mechanism plays an important role in cancer treatment, and for tumors, oxygen regulation mechanism can be used to stimulate vascular formation and metabolic remodeling, thereby effectively proliferating cancer cells.
    current academic laboratories and pharmaceutical companies are actively developing new drugs that activate or block oxygen sensing mechanisms to interfere with different disease states.
    the discovery of this year's Nobel Prize winner in physiological medicine is an important contribution to human physiology and promises to provide new solutions for the treatment of anemia, cancer and other diseases.
    's Winners: William G. Kaelin Jr., born in New York in 1957, received his M.D. from Duke University, trained in internal medicine and oncology at Johns Hopkins University and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, established his own research lab while working at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, became a professor at Harvard Medical School in 2002 and has been a researcher at the Howard-Hughes Institute of Medicine since 1998.
    Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, born in Lancashire in 1954, studied medicine at Gonville Keys College, Cambridge, and trained in nephrology at Oxford University.
    he set up an independent research group at Oxford University and became a full professor at Oxford University in 1996.
    , he is also director of clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in London, director of the Target Discovery Institute at Oxford, and a member of the Ludwig Cancer Institute.
    Gregg L. Semenza, born in New York, USA, in 1956, received a bachelor's degree in biology from Harvard University, a doctorate in medicine from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1984, and received a specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University.
    he received postdoctoral training at Hopkins University in New York, where he established an independent research team.
    1999, he became a professor at Johns Hopkins University and, since 2003, director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute of Cell Engineering.
    Source: Research Circle.
    This article is an English version of an article which is originally in the Chinese language on echemi.com and is provided for information purposes only. This website makes no representation or warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness ownership or reliability of the article or any translations thereof. If you have any concerns or complaints relating to the article, please send an email, providing a detailed description of the concern or complaint, to service@echemi.com. A staff member will contact you within 5 working days. Once verified, infringing content will be removed immediately.

    Contact Us

    The source of this page with content of products and services is from Internet, which doesn't represent ECHEMI's opinion. If you have any queries, please write to service@echemi.com. It will be replied within 5 days.

    Moreover, if you find any instances of plagiarism from the page, please send email to service@echemi.com with relevant evidence.