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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Immunology News > 22, 2021 in the journal Science

    22, 2021 in the journal Science

    • Last Update: 2021-03-04
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    January 28, 2021 // --- This week, a new issue of Science (January 22, 2021) was published. Let the little editor come with us.
    images from the Journal of Science.
    1.Science Paper Interpretation! In a new study that reveals the developmental origins of eczema and psoriasis doi:10.1126/science.aba6500 In a new study, researchers from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Newcastle University and King's College London built a highly detailed map of skin cells that revealed the processes of developing cells being reactivated in the cells of people with inflammatory skin diseases.
    found that skin from eczema and psoriasis patients has many of the same molecular pathways as developing skin cells.
    this provides a potential target for new drugs to treat these painful skin diseases.
    results also provide a new understanding of inflammatory diseases and open up new avenues for research into other inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.
    study was published in the January 22, 2021 issue of the Journal of Science under the title "Developmental cell programs are co-opted in incingy skin disease."
    as part of a global human cell map designed to map every cell type in the human body, this new comprehensive map of developing and adult skin is a valuable resource for scientists around the world.
    may also provide a template for regenerative medicine to help scientists grow skin more efficiently in the lab.
    2.ScienceDaily: Great progress! Host metabolite serum acid promotes salmonella survival mechanism doi:10.1126/science.aba8026; Doi:10.1126/science.abf8414 In a new study, researchers from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and negev Ben-Gurion University have found a way for salmonella to reprogram the Krebs cycle with a metabolite to promote its own survival.
    study was published in the January 22, 2021 issue of the Journal of Science under the title "Host succinate is an activation signal for salmonella virulence intracellation."
    paper, they describe their study of salmonella's response to serum acid and reveal its possible role in general bacterial infections.
    Jason Lynch and Cammy Lesser of Massachusetts General Hospital outlined the study in an opinion-type article titled "A host metabolite promotes salmonella survival" in the journal Science at the same time.
    when bacteria enter the body, the immune system reacts to kill them, preventing them from causing damage.
    part of this reaction involves the activation of macrophages.
    previous studies have shown that they also produce chemicals that trigger inflammatory reactions to slow the spread of the pathogen.
    the new study, the researchers looked closely at the process to better understand why this inflammatory response doesn't always occur during infection.
    3.Science: Revealed JARID2 and AEBP2 regulation PRC2 mechanism doi:10.1126/science.abc3393 multi-comb family enzymes including chromatin modifiers PRC1 and PRC2 involved in gene suppression.
    the catalytic functions of these compounds are known, their functional relationships are not known.
    Kasinath et al. used cryogenic electron microscopes (cryo-EM) to visually observe the interaction between nucleosomes containing ubibinic histones H2A (a product of PRC1) and PRC2 active cofactors JARID2 and AEBP2, thus providing a molecular basis for PRC2 PRC1 dependency recruitment.
    they also found that JARID2 and AEBP2 partially overcame the inhibition of PRC2 by trination markers of trimethyl lysine on hisoproteins.
    study showed that the regulation of PRC2 involved complex interactions between PRC2 cofactors and histoprotein-translated modifications.
    4.Science: Revealing conversations between histone modifications Doi:10.1126/science.abc6663 Histones modification plays a key role in the complex protein network of somatic genome transcription and gene silencing.
    the enzyme responsible for histone modification fine-tunes its catalytic activity in space-time;
    Valencia-Sánchez et al. have shown that histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16ac) is a marker of detoxified, transcription-allowable chromatin and directly activates Dot1 histone H3 lysine 79 methyl transferase.
    structure, biogenics, and cell data explain how Dot1 is regulated by H4K16ac and show how it coordinates with Dot1's second positive regulatory factor--- histone H2B ubibinization ---.
    5.Science: Snake venom changes from attack to defense Doi:10.1126/science.abb9303 Snake venom is mainly used to subdue and/or kill prey, most of which have a significant effect on promoting death or paralysis.
    , however, in a class of snakes, venom has evolved from predation to conservation.
    specifically, venom is used to deter predators in three different breeds of spitting snakes.
    Kazandjian and others have found similar adaptations in these line-ups, converting cytotoxic components into a mixture that acts on mammalian sensational neurons and causes pain.
    the authors argue that increased predation of these lineies has led to a similar shift in venom function.
    6.Science: Trans-interaction leads to different esopic doi:10.1126/science.abc2745 Male and female esoprates are different across many species throughout the animal kingdom.
    example of this is a wing spot observed in male fruit flies and not observed in female fruit flies.
    Galouzis and Prud'homme studied the X chain yellow gene and its enhancers.
    by investigating the genetics of the condition, they found evidence that male-specific esoteric esoterics are caused by trans-interactions between the enhancer and the yellow gene.
    given that the gene has only one copy in the male (it has only one X chromosome), this trans-interaction leads to silence.
    , however, there are two copies in female fruit flies, and this esogeophysic does not exist.
    , the gene appears to be regulated by different genomic interactions in male and female fruit flies, an example of trans-interaction.
    7.Science: Glycolysis activates the PI3K signal to enhance T-cell immune doi:10.1126/science.abb2683 When the initial T cell (naïve T cell) differentiates into effect T-cells (Teff), it is reprogrammed metabolically to transition from reliance on mitochondrial phosphate to aerobic enzyme.
    , Xu et al. have found that lactic acid dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is a sugar enzyme that converts acetone acid into lactic acid, which plays a key role in this process.
    Teff cells differentiated in mice infected with mononucleosis listeria initiated LDHA expression through creacoside phosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) signal transducement.
    by promoting the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), LDHA in turn promotes the inferation of the PI3K dependent transcription factor Foxo1, which is needed for effective response by Teff cells.
    , the ATP produced by glycolysis acts like a rheostat, both measuring and regulating PI3K dependent signal transductivity.
    this type of positive feedback loop can also provide a mechanism for the Warburg effect observed in cancer cells.
    8.Science: Circadian Rhythm Regulation doi:10.1126/science.abd4359; Doi:10.1126/science.abf7917 Mosquito-based species are important vectors of malaria in Africa.
    male mosquitoes exhibit group behavior of specific species at certain times of the day to attract female mosquitoes to mate.
    Wang et al. found that transcription patterns of metabolic and immune function genes clearly showed circadian rhythms associated with the physiological needs of mating flight groups.
    by altering temperature and light and knocking out the main genes of biological clock regulation, period and timeless, the authors disrupted mating flight behavior in cage experiments and closed field conditions.
    desaturase, which is used to remove rhythmic expression, reduces the production of the hydrocarbon pheromone on the surface, limiting the success rate of mating.
    interactions that regulate these mosquito mating behaviors around the clock are potential targets for alternative malaria control strategies.
    9.Science: Yeast can be used as a carbon source between glucose and semi-lactose conversion doi:10.1126/science.aba0542 Some organisms can convert metabolic pathways depending on the environment.
    example is yeast, which converts between glucose and semi-lactose, which are carbon sources.
    Boocock et al. have shown that this ability has undergone choices that have led to the maintenance of two incompatible metabolic pathways in a selected group of yeast strains within a species.
    systemic developmental analysis supports these two different pathways, mediated by three genes that differ between yeast and interseth strains and are likely to have lasted between 10 and 20 million years.
    ( Bioon.com)
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