26 Biopharmaceutical Future Stars What path are they charting?

Amin Aalipour Stanford University Immunocell therapy has brought new treatments to cancer, but its use is often limited to blood cancer.
how these immunocellular therapies can overcome solid tumors is the direction of Amin Aalipour's research.
a synthetic biologist, he and his colleagues installed "cancer detectors" on immune cells.
, these modified immune cells were able to move around cancer cells.
Amin's doctoral tutor died of glioblastoma this year, and the case has tesselled him well about the work he's doing.
Andrew Anzalone of the Andrew Anzalone Broad Institute is a chemical biologist.
last year, Professor David Liu's team developed a heavy-duty gene editing tool called "lead editing", which is expected to fix about 89 per cent of known human disease-caused mutations.
Andrew was the study's first author.
, he now works for biotech company Prime Medicine, pushing the heavy tool into clinical use.
Rosa Barreira da Silva Genetek Cancer immunotherapy has excellent results for some patients and poor for others.
at Genetek, Rosa Barreira da Silva is exploring the human immune system to understand how cancer interacts with the body's natural defenses.
clinical observations found that in patients with ineffective immunotherapy, levels of the neurons secreted by tumors increased.
generally speaking, the immune system perceives something is wrong, but an enzyme called DEP4 modifies these coercion factors to escape the immune system's eyes.
DPP4 inhibitors, the immune system was able to regain alertness and recruit killer cells at tumor spots.
findings, published last year in Nature, are expected to lead to immunotherapy for "defeat tumor defense" that complements immunotherapy that "activates immune cells."
Rafet Basar, of the University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, is interested in cell therapy -- not only to treat cancer, but also to treat patients with autoimmune diseases.
, cell therapy has some tolerance problems.
for patients receiving stem cell transplants, the transplant may be resistant to host disease, and for patients receiving CAR-T therapy, toxic side effects may occur.
Rafet is using natural killer cells to improve the effectiveness of CAR-T therapy and reduce side effects.
the new immunotherapy is now in clinical trials.
Walter Chen Boston Children's Hospital/Boston Medical Center Anyone with a basic understanding of biology knows that mitochondrials are the energy centers of cells, but it's not easy to study mitochondrials -- these cytosyrs are hard to isolate from cells.
Walter Chen has developed a way to separate mitochondrials and other cytogenes from cells.
is now improving the technology so that scientists can see the proteins in these cells.
this hopefully gives us a deeper understanding of cell biology.
Kirsten Dickins started out as a social worker at an HIV clinic and met a number of patient groups at work, which led her to become a nurse and a scholar of medical policy.
focuses on how policies affect people's choice and use of emergency care and basic care.
, the ideal medical scenario is for different groups to have equal access to health care.
Pierre Elias of Columbia University often displays cartoons of doctors turning their backs and typing on computers.
a child with a doll in the background, her mother sitting on the check-in bed.
says this reflects a sore point in current medical care -- not the use of computers.
he said, we need better health care technology, and artificial intelligence will be a key: an electrostat graph with 60,000 data points, there must be some important information that humans have missed.
allows the machine to find this information, it allows doctors to better solve real-world problems.
like many others, Ben Fulton's life was completely disrupted by the new crown outbreak.
, but like many people, he didn't stay at home, but spent a lot of time in the office.
as a member of Regeneration, he is helping to develop new coronary therapies.
antibody therapy for regenerative cells is well known, but in order to find antibodies for specific pathogens, we first need to know how they work, which is what Ben and his team are doing.
late at night and on weekends, they modified a virus with the main characteristics of the new coronavirus, but not harmful, for subsequent antibody induction and screening.
, powerful antibodies found based on this method are now in clinical trials.
Jennifer Hamilton of the University of California, Berkeley, is a member of this year's Nobel Laureate Professor Jennifer Doudna's team.
research, she tries to solve an important problem with CRISPR-related therapies : how to deliver genome-editing tools where researchers expect it to work.
, Jennifer is studying how to use viruses to better infect specific cells, allowing them to be fed into the desired cells.
Wouter Karthaus Memorial Sloane-Kettering Cancer Center in The study looked at why standard treatment for prostate cancer failed.
use androgen deprivation therapy, about 90 percent of cancer cells are killed, but what about the remaining 10 percent? Using mouse models and organoids, Wouter wanted to find a way to survive the fish.
looking to the future, he hopes to prolong the patient's life, and even cure prostate cancer once and for all.
Anna Loveland, of the University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, has loved to look at plants and insects with a microscope since she was a young man, and now her job is to look at molecules with a frozen electroscope.
and colleagues have looked at the structure of DNA replicas to see how they move and assemble DNA.
now, she is studying how to select the right amino acids for protein synthesis.
for her, science is "seeing for real."
The Cameron Myhrvold Broad Institute says crispr gene editing technology, many people's first reaction is Cas9, the corresponding enzyme.
but for Cameron Myhrvold, Cas13 is his favorite.
and other researchers have found that the CRISPR-Cas13 system is expected to be used to detect and eliminate viruses.
findings are particularly important at a time when the new crown is in fashion.
January, he will travel to Princeton University to continue to develop CRISPR-related technologies.
Basilia Nwankwo, a doctor at Howard University Hospital in The United States, often deals with people with complex conditions.
she realized that caring for the injured is not only as simple as getting your physiology back to health, but also about mental health.
, for example, a car crash victim who feared he would never stand up again, finally regained his walking ability with Basilia's help.
Kelsey Priest of Oregon Health and Science University focuses on addiction.
drug addiction was a complex issue for her, involving systemic racism, economic equity, and policies related to drug use.
to reduce the harm caused by drugs, doctors need to work with patients to make decisions.
, it also requires society as a whole to help addicts and make some changes.
Maithra Raghu Google Brain When doctors work together with high-quality algorithms to get patients faster and more appropriate care? This is the problem Maithra Raghu is trying to solve.
as a senior researcher at Google Brain, she spent years building an interactive interface that connects medical artificial intelligence systems with human medicine experts.
she doesn't think artificial intelligence will put doctors out of work, but will become their assistants, inspiring a more human side of doctors to care for patients.
Deepshika Ramanan of Harvard Medical School, a microbiologist, focuses on how "non-genetic traits" inherited from the mother to future generations affect a person's immune system.
June, a paper found that levels of immunoglobulin A in mice can be traced back to their mothers and grandmothers.
immune globulin binds to microorganisms in the gut and affects other immune cells, which are vital to the animal's immune system.
a microbiologist at Laura Riva Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Institute.
she studied HCV early on and later switched to antiviral drugs.
outbreak, she teamed up with scientists at the University of Hong Kong to do a virtual drug screening and get a large library of compounds that could be used to treat new crown infections.
, 21 existing drugs can stop the replication of the new coronavirus in monkey cells.
are currently studying the effects of these drugs in human cell tissue and animal models.
altaf Saadi's family fled Iraq to Iran and later to Canada, eventually landing in California.
she saw that many asylum seekers did not receive enough mental care, and neuroscientists did not study whether they showed signs of trauma.
Altaf is studying how clinics can make migrants and refugees feel welcome and find safer ways to seek medical care to meet their needs.
mutlay Sayan, a child at the Mutlay Sayan Rutgers Cancer Institute, lived on a farm in eastern Turkey, helping his parents care for beets and cotton every day.
one day, his father suddenly couldn't make a sound and was later diagnosed with lung cancer.
his family sold the land and went to Istanbul for treatment.
he and his mother and siblings went to work in a textile factory to make ends meet and his father's treatment.
Mutlay is now a radiation oncologist who studies the treatment of mesothelioma.
he found that short-term, powerful radiotherapy and chemotherapy may reduce the disruption of treatment to patients' lives and improve their quality of life.
Mark Sendak of the Duke Institute for Health Innovation developed clinical algorithms at Duke University Hospital for the benefit of everyone in the health care system, including patients, doctors, nurses, and other medical personnel.
he will also ask anthropologists and sociologists to work with engineers and doctors to develop new AI tools for clinical use.
Natasha Sheybani, a prodigy from the University of Virginia, was a prodigy from an early age - a 16-year-old who attended college and a 24-year-old Ph.D. graduate.
she is currently working on how to treat cancer with ultrasound.
, ultrasound is more of a tool for diagnostic imaging, but some studies suggest it may also have therapeutic effects.
Natasha has developed an integrated ultrasound and chemotherapy method for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
the technology is currently awaiting entry into clinical trials.
Sarah Stern of Rockefeller University in the United States was interested in dietary disorders and the neurological principles behind them while studying psychology.
at Rockefeller University, she found that the symptoms of "overeat" required a group of neurons in mysterious areas of the brain.
also found that after suppressing these neurons, the mice stopped overe eating.
research by Kristen Turner Boundless Bio Kristen Turner shows that cell division is very complex in cancer.
cancer cells produce ring-shaped extrachromosome DNA, which she has been studying for seven years.
now works for Bondless Bio on how to target these chromosomes.
researchers believe the mysterious DNA may answer why some targeted therapies don't work for cancer.
Sean Wang of Harvard Medical School is studying the treatment of Leiber's congenital black , a genetic disorder that may be behind thousands of different genetic mutations.
the development of a 10-d'a kind of gene therapy seems an impossible task.
but Sean helped find a common path of disease downstream of these genetic mutations.
the therapy is expected to ignore various genetic mutations and have therapeutic effects.
positive progress has been made in mouse experiments