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Guide: Turn off the light, thank you.
Recently, an observational study involving more than 460,000 participants showed that exposure to artificial light at night may greatly increase the risk of thyroid cancer, and the related risk is higher for women.
The research was recently published in Cancer (latest impact factor 5.
742).
The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing, and the “pot” should not be over-tested.
Since the 1970s, the global incidence of thyroid cancer has risen rapidly, largely due to the improvement of detection capabilities.
However, recent studies have shown that thyroid cancer is increasing in terms of tumor size, stage, and incidence of more aggressive subtypes.
And in the past 20 years, the mortality rate of thyroid cancer has also increased slightly.
Therefore, the incidence of thyroid cancer may really be increasing moderately.
Epidemiological studies spanning decades have identified several risk factors associated with thyroid cancer, including advanced age, female, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, changes in body TSH levels, ionizing radiation, iodine deficiency, and obesity.
However, these factors cannot fully explain the changes in the risk of thyroid cancer.
Night lighting and thyroid cancer In the past century, the global night scene has undergone earth-shaking changes due to the rapid development of electric lighting.
It is estimated that since the middle of the 20th century, night lighting (LAN) in many cities has increased at a rate of 5%-20% per year.
Although LAN brings great benefits, such as promoting commercial activities, strengthening social interaction and improving public safety, more and more literature shows that extensive exposure to LAN may have serious effects on public health.
LAN can inhibit the secretion of melatonin at night, or cause circadian rhythm disorders.
Some scholars suspect that it may cause cancer.
Recent studies have also shown that high LAN exposure is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
Given that breast cancer and thyroid cancer have a common hormone-dependent etiology, and circadian rhythms also play a role in regulating thyroid function, there is reason to suspect exposure to LAN It is related to the increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer.
However, no scholars have done any research on the relationship between LAN and thyroid cancer.
This is the first study.
Study description This analysis included 464,371 participants (60.
5% males) from the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study.
Participants were 50-71 years old at baseline.
The researchers obtained data from the U.
S.
Department of Defense’s Meteorological Satellite Project, collected outdoor LAN data in the area where participants lived, and divided the participants into quintiles based on the strength of the LAN, using the lowest quintile as a reference.
The cancer registry database retrieves data to determine the prevalence of thyroid cancer.
Through Cox regression analysis, the relationship between LAN and thyroid cancer risk was determined, and socio-demographic, lifestyle and other environmental factors were adjusted.
The study was followed up for an average of 12.
8 years.
The risk of thyroid cancer increases by 55%! Among the more than 460,000 participants with a higher risk of women, 856 (384 males and 472 females) developed thyroid cancer, most of which were papillary thyroid cancer (n=635), and the rest were thyroid follicular cancer (n= 134), medullary thyroid carcinoma (n=29) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (n=29).
Compared with the quintile with the lowest exposure to LAN, the risk of thyroid cancer in the highest quintile increased by 55% (HR=1.
55).
1.
Women are at higher risk than men.
Generally speaking, when exposed to LAN, women have a higher risk of thyroid cancer (HR=1.
81) than men (HR=1.
29), although the difference between the two has not reached statistical significance. 2.
Women are more likely to suffer from thyroid carcinoma in situ.
Among female participants, researchers found that localized cancer (HR=1.
95; 95%CI 1.
27-2.
99) is significantly more correlated with LAN than regional ( Regional disease/distant disease (HR=1.
39) is stronger.
In men, this correlation is just the opposite-regional/metastatic disease, metastatic disease (HR=2.
63), carcinoma in situ (HR=1.
05).
3.
For every 10 units increase in LAN intensity, the risk increases by about 5%.
After calculation, in the entire study sample, every 10 units increase in LAN exposure (nW/cm2/sr) will significantly increase the incidence of thyroid cancer by about 5% (HR 1.
05).
Research limitations: This study adds more evidence to show the unintended health consequences of high LAN in modern society.
However, it should be pointed out that the study is an observational study and cannot establish a causal relationship that "LAN exposure will definitely lead to an increased risk of thyroid cancer.
"
In addition, since only the LAN data at the baseline are collected, the study cannot reflect the long-term changes and exposure of the LAN.
What should I do if I stay away from thyroid cancer? Turn off the lights and sleep, and turn off the phone.
This study shows that higher levels of LAN exposure are positively associated with the risk of thyroid cancer, especially the most common papillary thyroid cancer.
There are potential gender differences in this correlation, with women being stronger than men.
After adjusting for tumor size, demographic characteristics of participants, differences in BMI, etc.
, this association is basically similar.
In addition, a strong correlation has been observed between the risk of LAN and anaplastic thyroid cancer (a rare but highly aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer), but this finding is based on a small number of cases.
More research is needed in the future to confirm this correlation and determine the underlying biological mechanism.
In short, considering the negative effects of LAN in disrupting the circadian rhythm, the researchers suggest that people should avoid or reduce the habits of looking at their mobile phones before going to bed or not turning off the lights to promote better sleep.
References: [1] Zhang D, Jones RR, James P, Kitahara CM, Xiao Q.
Associations between artificial light at night and risk for thyroid cancer: A large US cohort study[J].
Cancer.
2021.
DOI:10.
1002/ cncr.
33392.
[2]
Guide: Turn off the light, thank you.
Recently, an observational study involving more than 460,000 participants showed that exposure to artificial light at night may greatly increase the risk of thyroid cancer, and the related risk is higher for women.
The research was recently published in Cancer (latest impact factor 5.
742).
The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing, and the “pot” should not be over-tested.
Since the 1970s, the global incidence of thyroid cancer has risen rapidly, largely due to the improvement of detection capabilities.
However, recent studies have shown that thyroid cancer is increasing in terms of tumor size, stage, and incidence of more aggressive subtypes.
And in the past 20 years, the mortality rate of thyroid cancer has also increased slightly.
Therefore, the incidence of thyroid cancer may really be increasing moderately.
Epidemiological studies spanning decades have identified several risk factors associated with thyroid cancer, including advanced age, female, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, changes in body TSH levels, ionizing radiation, iodine deficiency, and obesity.
However, these factors cannot fully explain the changes in the risk of thyroid cancer.
Night lighting and thyroid cancer In the past century, the global night scene has undergone earth-shaking changes due to the rapid development of electric lighting.
It is estimated that since the middle of the 20th century, night lighting (LAN) in many cities has increased at a rate of 5%-20% per year.
Although LAN brings great benefits, such as promoting commercial activities, strengthening social interaction and improving public safety, more and more literature shows that extensive exposure to LAN may have serious effects on public health.
LAN can inhibit the secretion of melatonin at night, or cause circadian rhythm disorders.
Some scholars suspect that it may cause cancer.
Recent studies have also shown that high LAN exposure is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
Given that breast cancer and thyroid cancer have a common hormone-dependent etiology, and circadian rhythms also play a role in regulating thyroid function, there is reason to suspect exposure to LAN It is related to the increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer.
However, no scholars have done any research on the relationship between LAN and thyroid cancer.
This is the first study.
Study description This analysis included 464,371 participants (60.
5% males) from the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study.
Participants were 50-71 years old at baseline.
The researchers obtained data from the U.
S.
Department of Defense’s Meteorological Satellite Project, collected outdoor LAN data in the area where participants lived, and divided the participants into quintiles based on the strength of the LAN, using the lowest quintile as a reference.
The cancer registry database retrieves data to determine the prevalence of thyroid cancer.
Through Cox regression analysis, the relationship between LAN and thyroid cancer risk was determined, and socio-demographic, lifestyle and other environmental factors were adjusted.
The study was followed up for an average of 12.
8 years.
The risk of thyroid cancer increases by 55%! Among the more than 460,000 participants with a higher risk of women, 856 (384 males and 472 females) developed thyroid cancer, most of which were papillary thyroid cancer (n=635), and the rest were thyroid follicular cancer (n= 134), medullary thyroid carcinoma (n=29) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (n=29).
Compared with the quintile with the lowest exposure to LAN, the risk of thyroid cancer in the highest quintile increased by 55% (HR=1.
55).
1.
Women are at higher risk than men.
Generally speaking, when exposed to LAN, women have a higher risk of thyroid cancer (HR=1.
81) than men (HR=1.
29), although the difference between the two has not reached statistical significance. 2.
Women are more likely to suffer from thyroid carcinoma in situ.
Among female participants, researchers found that localized cancer (HR=1.
95; 95%CI 1.
27-2.
99) is significantly more correlated with LAN than regional ( Regional disease/distant disease (HR=1.
39) is stronger.
In men, this correlation is just the opposite-regional/metastatic disease, metastatic disease (HR=2.
63), carcinoma in situ (HR=1.
05).
3.
For every 10 units increase in LAN intensity, the risk increases by about 5%.
After calculation, in the entire study sample, every 10 units increase in LAN exposure (nW/cm2/sr) will significantly increase the incidence of thyroid cancer by about 5% (HR 1.
05).
Research limitations: This study adds more evidence to show the unintended health consequences of high LAN in modern society.
However, it should be pointed out that the study is an observational study and cannot establish a causal relationship that "LAN exposure will definitely lead to an increased risk of thyroid cancer.
"
In addition, since only the LAN data at the baseline are collected, the study cannot reflect the long-term changes and exposure of the LAN.
What should I do if I stay away from thyroid cancer? Turn off the lights and sleep, and turn off the phone.
This study shows that higher levels of LAN exposure are positively associated with the risk of thyroid cancer, especially the most common papillary thyroid cancer.
There are potential gender differences in this correlation, with women being stronger than men.
After adjusting for tumor size, demographic characteristics of participants, differences in BMI, etc.
, this association is basically similar.
In addition, a strong correlation has been observed between the risk of LAN and anaplastic thyroid cancer (a rare but highly aggressive subtype of thyroid cancer), but this finding is based on a small number of cases.
More research is needed in the future to confirm this correlation and determine the underlying biological mechanism.
In short, considering the negative effects of LAN in disrupting the circadian rhythm, the researchers suggest that people should avoid or reduce the habits of looking at their mobile phones before going to bed or not turning off the lights to promote better sleep.
References: [1] Zhang D, Jones RR, James P, Kitahara CM, Xiao Q.
Associations between artificial light at night and risk for thyroid cancer: A large US cohort study[J].
Cancer.
2021.
DOI:10.
1002/ cncr.
33392.
[2]
