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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Infection > 5 Questions to Know About Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines and Drug Resistance

    5 Questions to Know About Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines and Drug Resistance

    • Last Update: 2022-01-27
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, spear-like bacteria, double or short-chain arrangement of diplococci, also known as pneumococcus, pneumococcus
    .

    Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, and otitis media.
    It can also cause sinusitis, septic arthritis, peritonitis, etc.
    , and cause serious complications
    .

    How much do you know about Streptococcus pneumoniae drug resistance and vaccines, let's test it together! Question 1 What is the high-risk age group for pneumococcal infection? A: 5~10 years old in childhood B: Teenager C: 45~55 years old D: 65 years old and above Swipe to see the answer↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓【Answer and Analysis】Correct answer:
    D.

    Analysis: People over 65 years old are at high risk of pneumococcal infection
    .

    Adults of all ages have chronic diseases such as chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease (especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), diabetes, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, chronic renal failure, and nephrotic syndrome; immune function is affected by The risk of pneumococcal infection is also increased in people who are at risk of pneumococcal infection (eg, HIV, hematological malignancies, asplenia) and immunosuppressive drug users; cochlear implants or cerebrospinal fluid leakage; smokers and alcohol abusers
    .

     Another age-related high-risk group is infants and young children under 2 years of age
    .

    Question 2 What kind of population is the 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV13) recommended for? A: Adults 55 years old and above B: Adults 65 years old and above C: Children under 5 years old D: All smokers Slide to see the answer↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓【Answer and Analysis】Correct answer:
    C.

    Analysis: The CDC recommends that all infants and young children under the age of 2 and people over the age of 2 with high-risk factors be vaccinated with PCV13
    .

    In infants and young children, PCV13 can be vaccinated in four doses, one in February, April, June, and 12-15 months
    .

    Children who miss their vaccinations or start later can also get the vaccine
    .

    The recommended vaccination population for PCV13 approved in China is infants and children aged 6 weeks to 5 years: ➤ Infants aged 2-6 months (minimum 6 weeks old): a total of 4 doses, the recommended first dose is 2 months old (minimum 6 weeks old) age) vaccination, 3 doses of basic immunization, 2 months between each dose; the fourth dose is boosted at 12-15 months of age; the first dose is recommended to be vaccinated at 3 months of age, and 3 doses of basic immunization, each dose is vaccinated 1 month interval, boost the 4th dose at 12-15 months old; ➤7-11 months old infants: 2 doses of basic immunization, with an interval of at least 2 months; 1 booster dose after 12 months of age (No.
    3 doses), at least 2 months apart from the second dose; ➤12-23 months old children: 2 doses, at least 2 months apart; ➤2-5 years old: 1 dose of problem three 23-valent pneumococcus Which population is the polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) recommended for? A: Adults over 65 years old B: Adults over 55 years old C: Smokers over 45 years old D: Adults of all ages Scroll to see the answer↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓【Answer and Analysis】Correct answer:
    A.

    Analysis: PPV23 recommended vaccination population: (1) age ≥ 65 years old; (2) age < 65 years old, but with chronic lung disease, chronic cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic renal failure,
    .

    Nephrotic syndrome, chronic liver disease (including cirrhosis), alcoholism, cochlear transplantation, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, immunocompromised, functional or organic asplenia; (3) long-term residence in nursing homes or other medical institutions; (4) smokers
    .

    It is recommended to inject 1 dose intramuscularly or subcutaneously, and revaccination is usually not recommended in immunocompetent patients, but can be performed in patients aged <65 years with chronic renal failure,
    .

    Administer revaccination in patients with nephrotic syndrome, functional or organic asplenia, and immunocompromised patients.
    The interval between 2 doses of PPV23 should be at least 5 years, and revaccination is not required for those aged ≥65 years old for the first vaccination
    .

    Question 4 What is the approximate multidrug resistance rate of pneumococcus in my country? A: 66.
    7%B: 50%C: 33.
    3%D: 83.
    3%Swipe to see the answer↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓【Answer and Analysis】Correct answer:
    D.

    Analysis: Chinese pneumococci have a high incidence of cross-resistance and multi-resistance to commonly used antibiotics
    .

    The 2012 Asia-Pacific Pathogen Resistance Surveillance Network data showed that the overall multi-drug resistance rate of pneumococcus in Asia was 59.
    3%, while the multi-drug resistance rate in China was as high as 83.
    3%
    .

    Question 5 Which antibiotics have a high rate of resistance to pneumococcal infections in adults in my country, in sharp contrast with those in Europe and the United States? A: Penicillins B: Cephalosporins C: Quinolones D: Macrolides Slide to see the answer↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓【Answer and Analysis】Correct answer:
    D.

    Analysis: In terms of drug resistance rate, the high drug resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to macrolides in adult CAP patients in China is an important feature that is different from that in European and American countries
    .

    The resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to macrolides in China was 63.
    2% to 75.
    4%
    .

    Recent studies have shown that the resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to azithromycin in China is as high as 88.
    1%-91.
    3% (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC is 32-256mg/L), and the resistance rate to clarithromycin is 88.
    2%
    .

    The resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin and azithromycin in European and American countries were 12.
    9%-39% and 4.
    3%-33.
    3%, respectively
    .

    In addition, the resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to oral penicillin in China is 24.
    5%-36.
    5%, the resistance rate to second-generation cephalosporins is 39.
    9%-50.
    7%, but the resistance to penicillin for injection and third-generation cephalosporin rates were lower (1.
    9% and 13.
    4%, respectively)
    .

    References: 1.
    Jocelyn Y.
    Ang, MD.
    Fast Five Quiz: Pneumococcal Infections - Medscape - Sep 15, 2021.
    2.
    Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in Chinese adults (2016 edition) [J].
    Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Medicine, 2016,39(04): 253-279.
    3.
    Expert consensus on immune prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae disease (2020 edition)[J].
    Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,2020,41(12): 2005-2039.
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