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. NetworkSection II Pyric acid derivatives I, a brine, acid anhydride, ester construction and naming Pyricloric acid derivatives refer to the
compounds
produced by the replacement of hydroxyl in the carboxyl molecule by other atoms or groups of atoms.common to the structure of these acid derivatives is that the molecules contain alamide.most common acrylamides are acrylamide and alame bromide, which can be named according to the appropriate ayl base. For example esters are often named according to the corresponding carboxylic acids and alcohols. The steride of a meta-alcohol is called "an ester of an acid". For example:name of polyols, usually the name of the alcohol in front, the name of pyrethroic acid in the back, called "some alcohol ester." For example is called a certain (acid) anhydride according to the name of the corresponding pyrethloric acid. For example the physical properties ofii, acetyl, acid, esters Advanced brine and acid anhydride are solid and insoluble in water.low-grade steride is a scented liquid, slightly soluble in water, high-grade steride is waxy solid, steride is dissolved in
organic
solvent, many organic matter can also be dissolved in steride, so some steride can also be used as a solvent.halogens, anhydrides, and sterides, because there are no hydrogen bonds between molecules, have a much lower boiling point than the boiling point of pyrethroic acids of similar molecular mass.3. Chemical properties of ayl halogen, acid anhydride, esters yl halogen, acid anhydride and acetate are similar in molecular structure, so their chemical properties are similar, and can be associated with water, alcohol and ammonia and hydrolytic, alcohol and ammonia reactions. However, their reaction activity is different, with acetyl halogen being the most lively, acid second, and pyrethroids less active.(i) The common product of hydrolytic yl halogen, anhydride and pyridine hydrolytic is pyridine, while acetate produces hydrogen halide, acid anhydride produces another molecule, pyridine, and pyridine obtains alcohol. The hydrolytic reaction of pyrides is an inverse reaction to esterification and must be heated in the presence of
or
be carried out more quickly. The hydrolysis reaction under acid catalysis can be balanced quickly. Under the catalysis of the alkali, the hydrolysis reaction can be carried out to the end because the reaction-generated carboxy acid is mediumed by the alkali and the production of niacin is made, so that the balance shifts to the right.(ii) alcohol solution yl halogen, anhydride and steride and alcohol reactions are all produced by steride, wherein, the alcohol solution of pyrethroide is reversible reaction, must be carried out in the presence of the catalyst. This reaction is to change from one type of steride to another. So it's called ester exchange. For example:(iii) the same product of ammoniaacetyl halogen, acid anhydride, and pyrethione when ammonia occurs with ammonia (or amine) is aamide (or N-replacement alamide).hydrolysate when hydrolysolysed, when alcohol is dissolved, and when ammonia is dissolved, acetate is produced. Therefore, their hydrolysing, alcoholation, and ammonia solution are the reactions of water, alcohol, ammonia (or amine) molecules in which a hydrogen (alcohol is hydrogen on hydroxyl and amine is hydrogen on nitrogen) replaced by an amyl. This type of reaction that introduces ayl-based in a molecule is called acrylamide. The reaction activity of a brine and acid anhydride is large, and it is easy to carry out the aturization reaction, so it is often used as a alamide.is of great significance in drug synthesis. The introduction of a base in some drugs can often increase the fat solubility of the drug, improve absorption in the body, reduce toxicity, improve or prolong the ability of the drug. For example: 4, the important acetic acid derivatives(i) acetylene acetylene, also known as acetic anhydride, is a commonly used acetylene, it is colorless and irritating odor of the liquid, boiling point of 140 degrees C, industrial, acetic anhydride used in the synthesis of acetic acid fiber, dyes, drugs and spices.(ii) Phthalates Phthalates are colorless needle-like crystals with a melting point of 128 degrees C, and are a commonly used adylide. It reacts with certain phenols and produces some color-reflecting compounds, such as phenolic pyridol, luciferin, etc. is a colorless solid, melting point 261 degrees C, insoluble in water and soluble in ethanol, used as a pharmaceutical laxative. Because phenolic phenols are fuchsia in alkaline solutions. Colorless in acidic solutions, it is often used as
titration
acid and alkalis. fluorescent is orange in alkaline solutions and has green fluorescence. When two bromine atoms replace the fluorescent hydrogen atom, then the introduction of an HgOH atomic group, the resulting compound called mercury bromine red (red mercury), its aqueous solution is bright red, often used as a sterilizing disinfectant. (iii) photogas and dual-light gas photogas (COCL2) is carbonated diacet chlorine, colorless gas at room temperature, can be compressed into a liquid, boiling point of 8.3 degrees C, soluble in benzene, toluene. Light gas is a suffocating poison. It is the same as chlorine, the nature of lively, can be with water, alcohol, ammonia and decomposition, temperature rise, the rate of decomposition accelerated. double-light gas chloroformphate) can be from the photogas by partially alcohol delysed and then chlorine generation. the number of atoms in the bi-light gas molecules is twice that of the photogas, which can break down and produce the photogas of the two molecules, so it is called the double-light gas. Pure dual-light gas is a colorless transparent liquid with a boiling point of 127 degrees C and often yellow with impurities. It is insoluble in water and soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride and other organic solvents. The properties of dual light gas are similar to that of light gas, but more stable than light gas.
. .