A high-quality reference genome map annotation of the winter worm summer herb obtained 7,939 protein-coded genes.

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a subcystic fungus that lives at high altitudes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau all year-year-old and belongs to the genus Ophiophicitas, the sordariomycetes, hypocreales, and the Ophiocordcitaceae.
It infects manta ray insect larvae in the alpine meadow soil of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and forms a bacterial worm complex often called winter worm summer grass, in our country is a traditional valuable Chinese herbal medicine, with ginseng and deer antlers and called "the three treasures of Chinese medicine", with high medicinal and scientific research value.
However, its artificial cultivation has not been fully successful, the reason is due to the lack of understanding of the fungal pathogenicity, high-altitude ecological environment adaptability and the genetic basis behind the invasion of the host.
The research team on plant species resources, genomics and bioinsynurance, led by Gao Lizhi, a researcher at the Kunming Plant Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, integrated the relevant research teams of the Center for Genomics and Bioinsynics of South China Agricultural University, the Xishuangpana Tropical Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Guangdong Agricultural Research Institute, the Beijing Genomics Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Washington. The advantages of Roche 454 and Illumina Hiseq2000, two sequencing platforms, used hybrid assembly strategies to obtain a high-quality reference genome map of approximately 116.42 Mb of winter worm summer herb, annotated with 7,939 protein-coded genes.
Comparing the previously published sketch of the genome of the winter worm summer herb, the genome map obtained by the institute has been greatly improved in terms of assembly integrity and accuracy, which provides a solid foundation for the analysis of the fungal pathogenicity, high-altitude ecological adaptation and herbivorous genetics of winter worm summer grass bacteria from the genome level.
The team found that, along with the ascension of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the repetitive sequences in the genome of the winter worm summer herb (especially the long-end repeat sequence reverse transcription transsort family) expanded significantly, making the winter worm summer herb genome compared to other low-altitude close-up species. (e.g., aphid grasses, etc.) became unusually large; interestingly, in sharp contrast to the enlarger genome, the protein-coding genes of winter worm summer herbs were rapidly lost, causing the coding areas of their protein-coding genes to be severely compressed during evolution.
this characteristic, which is shown in the genome structure and gene coding area, may be an important response to the change of the high altitude environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and also the cause or result of its very high host specificity.
Comparative Genomics results show that a large number of genes or gene families associated with fungal pathogenicity (e.g., peroxidase active genes, serine hydrolyzed enzyme coding genes, heavy metal protease genes, and cytochrome P450 genes) have significantly increased in specificity during evolution compared to low-altitude close relative species.
Interestingly, the team's findings also found that functional genes closely related to low temperatures have been amplified significantly in winter worm summer herb, which may help winter worm summer grass bacteria strengthen their cold resistance in order to survive in extremely complex environments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
further studies have shown that Darwin's choice of protein-coding genes strongly associated with the pathogenicity of winter worm summer herb fungi may be associated with its special host infestion mechanisms and ecological adaptations.
type of sexual reproduction of fungi, mainly determined by the type of mating type gene.
mating type genes of fungi play an important role in controlling their mating affinity and sexual reproduction sub-entities and are therefore closely related to the sexual reproduction of fungi.
The obtainion and analysis of the reference genome of high-quality winter worm summer herb and the analysis of resequencing data from 31 groups in almost all ecological geographical distribution areas of winter worm summer herb strongly support and confirm that winter worm summer herb is a mating fungus.
is similar to the ego carbid bacteria, the winter worm summer herb mating type gene is in a chain state, its surrounding is rich in a large number of long-end reverse transcription transorphin sequence.
Further discovered through the construction of the species evolutionary tree, during the evolution of the winter worm summer herb, the mating system has experienced many conversions from the same - hetero-same - and eventually fixed to the same species.
It is well known that biological species appear to be very rare compared to the vastness of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and this same mating method of winter worm summer herb may help it to reproduce sexually and reproduce at high altitudes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which may also be the cause of the small size of its effective population.
winter worm summer grass bacteria are mainly found in Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet, Qinghai and Gansu.
years, as the medicinal value of winter worm summer grass has been explored and industrialization, the domestic and international market demand for it has increased sharply, resulting in a sharp rise in its price.
driven by commercial interests, excessive and even destructive mining has led to the decline and extinction of winter worm summer grass, a precious wild species resource.
china has listed the winter worm summer herb as a national secondary protected species.
The team selected 31 genomes representing natural populations in almost all ecological geographical distribution areas of winter worm summer herb to conduct resequencing studies, based on the high-quality reference genomes obtained, to obtain a clear understanding of the genome variation level, style and genetic structure of the group of winter worm summer herb.
system evolutionary tree, main component analysis and structural analysis strongly support the classification of the winter worm summer herb population of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into three obvious sub-groups, low, medium and high, according to the latitude gradient.
Further studies have shown that low-latitude groups have higher genomic diversity and lower levels of inter-group differentiation, and that the low-latitude Linzhi region of Tibet may be the center of genetic diversity of winter worm summer herb, a species that has spread from low latitudes to higher latitudes and has a population differentiation.
The result obtains the high-quality reference genome of winter worm summer herb, and its in-depth analysis and group genomics results not only expound the genomic basis of fungal pathogenicity of winter worm summer grass bacteria in the process of infecting host insects, but also provide theoretical basis for interpreting the high-altitude ecological adaptability, mating system evolution, population variation and evolution of winter worm summer grass, which is undoubtedly of great significance for promoting the genetic protection of the precious wild resources of winter worm summer grass.
This achievement has been supported by the leading talent project of the "10,000-person plan" of the Central Group Department, the innovation team of Yunnan Province, the "100-person plan" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the selection of outstanding overseas talents, the introduction of high-end scientific and technological talents in Yunnan Province, and the introduction of 100 overseas high-level talents in Yunnan Province.
The above results mark the important progress made in genomics, species resources and bio-informaology research team and platform construction of the national large scientific installation in southwest China, which will have an important impact on the research, protection and exploration and utilization of China's abundant wildlife species resources.
the results were published online May 11 in Scientific Reports with The Caterpillar fungus, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, genome provision insights into the environment of the environment of fungal pathogenicity.
the research team doctoral students Xia Enhua, Jiang Jianjun, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Botanical Garden researcher Yang Darong as the first author, Gao Lizhi as the author of the newsletter.
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