A previously undiscovered transport route for cellular waste

A previously undiscovered transport route for cellular waste may be important for future cancer and dementia treatments
.
Researchers have discovered a new way for cells to remove cellular waste, otherwise these wastes would damage the cell's genes

The new transport route passes through the nuclear membrane, which usually protects our DNA
.
In this study, the researchers emphasized the need to increase the flow of waste products through the nuclear cell membrane

"Understanding the normal function of cells is important for the treatment of cancer and dementia," said Johanna Höög, whose research is now published in the highly ranked scientific journal PNAS
.

“Using high-resolution electron microscopy, we can see how the aggregation of proteins is transported through the nuclear membrane in the small envelope
.
Dimitra Panagaki, a doctoral student in the Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Gothenburg, said, “We described cell waste together.
A previously unknown transportation route in management

Cells constantly form new proteins

In the cell, new proteins are continuously formed, and other proteins are broken down into their constituent parts and recycled

Jacob Croft, a PhD student at the University of Gothenburg, said: “This completely unexpected connection between transport through the nuclear membrane and the quality control of cellular protein is what I think is the most interesting.
Of
.
"

A common phenomenon in the cells of all studied species

This study also examined how common the phenomenon of sending small envelopes through the nuclear membrane is
.
Researchers can prove that it occurs in all species studied, from small single-celled parasites to human cells

When researchers put pressure on cells in different ways, such as exposing them to harmful substances or high temperatures, more protein folding errors occurred, and the researchers found that the frequency of waste transport through the nuclear membrane increased
.

 Johanna Höög said: "Perhaps the most important thing is that damaged proteins are separated from the genome, where they can cause mutations, and mutations can lead to more damaged proteins
.
"

These wastes will kill the cells

Poor management of waste within the cell can lead to a vicious circle, and waste will eventually kill the cell
.
This condition sometimes occurs in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia

"On the other hand, cancer cells produce more waste products than healthy cells
.
This is used in some chemotherapy to prevent normal cell waste management, causing cancer cells to die faster than normal cells, forcing cancer to resolve," Johanna Höög said

New cancer treatments may

As the cell waste disposal system has become the focus of cancer treatment, researchers believe that the discovery of an unknown transportation route may lead to new and more effective cancer treatments
.

When researchers use a chemical to treat cells, this chemical can stop waste disposal.
Now that it has been used for cancer treatment, the transport of waste through the nuclear membrane has increased
.

"You can say that we closed all the openings of the cell processing factory, the proteasome
.
This caused the cell to compensate through the transport pathway and remove the misfolded protein," Höög said
.

"We now hope to obtain more research funding to study the molecular mechanisms behind this cellular waste transport and to observe the phenomenon in cancer cells more closely
.
"

This research was carried out in collaboration with the Faculty of Science of the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Institute and the Winnergren Institute of Stockholm University
.

Link to the study: https:// search:

DOI 10.
1073/pnas.
2020997118

Nuclear envelope budding is a response to cellular stress