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When it comes to fertilization, most farmers attach great importance to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macroelement fertilizers, but not to trace element fertilizers.
In fact, trace elements are indispensable in the growth and development of plants.
The application of trace element fertilizers can not only increase the yield of agricultural products, but also improve the quality and quality of agricultural products.
What is trace element fertilizer? Chemical fertilizers are usually divided into two types: macro element fertilizers and trace element fertilizers.
Macro-element fertilizers are fertilizers that are absorbed and consumed in large quantities by crops, such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, sulfur fertilizer, etc.
; trace element fertilizers, as everyone is accustomed to call micro-fertilizers, refer to the growth and development of crops.
Fertilizer with irreplaceable micronutrients in the process.
What kinds of commonly used micro-fertilizers are mainly boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, copper fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, iron fertilizer, etc.
They are used on crops, forests, pastures, fruit trees, and vegetables, and they all have mutually irreplaceable effects.
At present, there are many kinds of micro-fertilizers on the market.
To increase the selling point, some manufacturers have put on very exaggerated names.
But nothing more than the following categories, such as divided by nutrient composition, can be roughly divided into the following three categories: Elemental micro-fertilizers generally contain only one trace element.
Most of these fertilizers are easily soluble in water, so they are convenient to apply and can be used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, and top dressing.
Compound micro-fertilizers generally contain more than two kinds of micronutrient elements, including the combination of macroelements and microelements, and microelements and microelements.
This type of fertilizer can be used to supplement several nutrients at the same time, which saves labor, but it is difficult to adapt to local conditions.
Mixed micro-fertilizers are made by mixing various elemental fertilizers according to their needs when they are manufactured or applied.
The advantage is that the composition is flexible.
Some manufacturers also allocate "microelement formula fertilizers" in a targeted manner according to the trace elements contained in the soil and the law of fertilizer requirements for different crops.
The role of commonly used micro-fertilizers ■Zinc fertilizer Rice and corn are the most sensitive crops to zinc.
Take corn as an example.
After applying zinc fertilizer, the plant height and double ear rate of corn generally increase, the bald tip is reduced, the ears are thick and heavy, the kernels are full, the thousand-grain weight increases, and the average yield increases by 10%-20%.
For wheat, sweet potatoes, apples, peaches, vegetable crops, etc.
, the application of zinc fertilizer also has a significant yield increase effect.
According to experiments, broccoli, beans, Chinese cabbage, tomatoes, radishes, cucumbers, spinach, eggplants, etc.
are all zinc-loving vegetables, which are sensitive to zinc.
The application of zinc fertilizer can greatly increase the yield and quality; apply it on tomatoes, cabbage, and cucumbers.
The increase in output is more than 13%, and the output of radish is increased by about 30%.
■Boron Fertilizer The application of boron fertilizer to legume crops (soybeans, peas, kidney beans, cowpeas, etc.
), melon crops (watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin), and rape, strawberry, tomato, pepper, eggplant and other crops will have a good yield increase effect.
The application of boron fertilizer to legume crops can promote the development of vascular bundles in the roots, so that the rhizobia can obtain sufficient carbohydrates, enhance the ability of nitrogen fixation, and reduce the shedding of flowers and pods.
Generally, the yield can be increased by about 20%.
Melons, such as watermelon, are very sensitive to boron.
The application of boron fertilizer can effectively prevent the skin from thickening and hollowing.
Generally, the yield is increased by 10%-15%, and the sweetness is increased by 0.
7 degrees.
The application of boron fertilizer to tomato can greatly improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of tomato, and the effect of flower preservation and fruit preservation is obvious, and the yield is generally increased by more than 15%.
■Manganese fertilizer applied to major crops such as grain, oil, cotton, sugar and some fruit trees and vegetables have good effects.
Among the food crops, wheat, sorghum and other crops are the most sensitive to manganese.
After applying manganese to wheat, the wheat seedlings will be darker green, and the points will increase, plant height, ear length, number of spikelets, and 1000-grain weight will increase.
Generally, the yield increase rate can be between 10%-20%.
Leguminous crops, such as peanuts, soybeans, peas, alfalfa, alfalfa, and other crops, use manganese fertilizers very well.
Especially peanuts and soybeans have better effects, which can increase the pod formation rate and the number of pods of peanuts, reduce the empty collapse rate, and increase the weight of the fruit.
After applying manganese to leguminous green manure crops, the yield of fresh grass increased significantly.
Apples, peaches, grapes and other fruit trees are quite sensitive to manganese deficiency.
Therefore, applying manganese fertilizer to these fruit trees on manganese-deficient soils can often achieve a substantial increase in yield.
■Copper fertilizer and iron fertilizer Although there are few domestic trials and field applications of these two kinds of micro-fertilizers.
However, it is known that copper fertilizer has a good fertilization response to cereal crops, especially wheat, barley, oats, etc.
Under copper-deficient conditions, chlorosis occurs in plants, the development of ears and awns is not complete, the rate of empty collapse is high, and the yield is high.
Significantly reduced.
Iron fertilizer is mostly used in fruit trees and ornamental plants to prevent and treat chlorosis.
Precautions for application First, grasp the principles of application for the status of soil trace elements.
In different types and textures of soil, the availability and content of trace elements are different, and the effects of applying trace element fertilizers are also different.
Only when the soil lacks trace elements can it exert its best synergistic and quality-improving effects.
Second, grasp the principle of co-application with macro-element fertilizers and organic fertilizers.
Only on the premise of meeting the crop's needs for the macro-element nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.
, can trace element fertilizers exert the corresponding yield-increasing effect.
In other words, based on the rational application of fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic fertilizers, targeted application of micro-fertilizers can be used to give full play to its potential for maximum efficiency and quality improvement.
Third, grasp the principle of selection and application of the response of various crops to trace elements.
Various crops have different responses to different trace elements, their sensitivity levels are different, their requirements are also different, and the application effects are significantly different.
For example, the effect of zinc fertilizer on corn is better, rape is sensitive to boron, gramineous crops are sensitive to manganese, and beans.
Family crops are sensitive to molybdenum and boron.
Fourth, grasp the principle of targeted purchase.
In view of the wide variety of micronutrient fertilizers and the complex and diverse market status, it is necessary to purchase for the lack of certain trace elements in the soil.
Do not choose the so-called "Ten Complete Supplement" products, which are expensive and untargeted, and the effect is not good.
In addition, buy genuine fertilizers.
Fifth, grasp the principle of the best application method.
The application methods of trace element fertilizers mainly include direct soil application, seed treatment and extra-root topdressing.
Among them, the effect of extra-root application is the best; soil application, namely: applying trace element fertilizers into the soil when used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer or topdressing.
The utilization rate of this kind of fertilizer is low, and because the amount of micro-fertilizer is small, it is difficult to achieve uniformity, so this method is not recommended.
In fact, trace elements are indispensable in the growth and development of plants.
The application of trace element fertilizers can not only increase the yield of agricultural products, but also improve the quality and quality of agricultural products.
What is trace element fertilizer? Chemical fertilizers are usually divided into two types: macro element fertilizers and trace element fertilizers.
Macro-element fertilizers are fertilizers that are absorbed and consumed in large quantities by crops, such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, sulfur fertilizer, etc.
; trace element fertilizers, as everyone is accustomed to call micro-fertilizers, refer to the growth and development of crops.
Fertilizer with irreplaceable micronutrients in the process.
What kinds of commonly used micro-fertilizers are mainly boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, copper fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, iron fertilizer, etc.
They are used on crops, forests, pastures, fruit trees, and vegetables, and they all have mutually irreplaceable effects.
At present, there are many kinds of micro-fertilizers on the market.
To increase the selling point, some manufacturers have put on very exaggerated names.
But nothing more than the following categories, such as divided by nutrient composition, can be roughly divided into the following three categories: Elemental micro-fertilizers generally contain only one trace element.
Most of these fertilizers are easily soluble in water, so they are convenient to apply and can be used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, and top dressing.
Compound micro-fertilizers generally contain more than two kinds of micronutrient elements, including the combination of macroelements and microelements, and microelements and microelements.
This type of fertilizer can be used to supplement several nutrients at the same time, which saves labor, but it is difficult to adapt to local conditions.
Mixed micro-fertilizers are made by mixing various elemental fertilizers according to their needs when they are manufactured or applied.
The advantage is that the composition is flexible.
Some manufacturers also allocate "microelement formula fertilizers" in a targeted manner according to the trace elements contained in the soil and the law of fertilizer requirements for different crops.
The role of commonly used micro-fertilizers ■Zinc fertilizer Rice and corn are the most sensitive crops to zinc.
Take corn as an example.
After applying zinc fertilizer, the plant height and double ear rate of corn generally increase, the bald tip is reduced, the ears are thick and heavy, the kernels are full, the thousand-grain weight increases, and the average yield increases by 10%-20%.
For wheat, sweet potatoes, apples, peaches, vegetable crops, etc.
, the application of zinc fertilizer also has a significant yield increase effect.
According to experiments, broccoli, beans, Chinese cabbage, tomatoes, radishes, cucumbers, spinach, eggplants, etc.
are all zinc-loving vegetables, which are sensitive to zinc.
The application of zinc fertilizer can greatly increase the yield and quality; apply it on tomatoes, cabbage, and cucumbers.
The increase in output is more than 13%, and the output of radish is increased by about 30%.
■Boron Fertilizer The application of boron fertilizer to legume crops (soybeans, peas, kidney beans, cowpeas, etc.
), melon crops (watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin), and rape, strawberry, tomato, pepper, eggplant and other crops will have a good yield increase effect.
The application of boron fertilizer to legume crops can promote the development of vascular bundles in the roots, so that the rhizobia can obtain sufficient carbohydrates, enhance the ability of nitrogen fixation, and reduce the shedding of flowers and pods.
Generally, the yield can be increased by about 20%.
Melons, such as watermelon, are very sensitive to boron.
The application of boron fertilizer can effectively prevent the skin from thickening and hollowing.
Generally, the yield is increased by 10%-15%, and the sweetness is increased by 0.
7 degrees.
The application of boron fertilizer to tomato can greatly improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of tomato, and the effect of flower preservation and fruit preservation is obvious, and the yield is generally increased by more than 15%.
■Manganese fertilizer applied to major crops such as grain, oil, cotton, sugar and some fruit trees and vegetables have good effects.
Among the food crops, wheat, sorghum and other crops are the most sensitive to manganese.
After applying manganese to wheat, the wheat seedlings will be darker green, and the points will increase, plant height, ear length, number of spikelets, and 1000-grain weight will increase.
Generally, the yield increase rate can be between 10%-20%.
Leguminous crops, such as peanuts, soybeans, peas, alfalfa, alfalfa, and other crops, use manganese fertilizers very well.
Especially peanuts and soybeans have better effects, which can increase the pod formation rate and the number of pods of peanuts, reduce the empty collapse rate, and increase the weight of the fruit.
After applying manganese to leguminous green manure crops, the yield of fresh grass increased significantly.
Apples, peaches, grapes and other fruit trees are quite sensitive to manganese deficiency.
Therefore, applying manganese fertilizer to these fruit trees on manganese-deficient soils can often achieve a substantial increase in yield.
■Copper fertilizer and iron fertilizer Although there are few domestic trials and field applications of these two kinds of micro-fertilizers.
However, it is known that copper fertilizer has a good fertilization response to cereal crops, especially wheat, barley, oats, etc.
Under copper-deficient conditions, chlorosis occurs in plants, the development of ears and awns is not complete, the rate of empty collapse is high, and the yield is high.
Significantly reduced.
Iron fertilizer is mostly used in fruit trees and ornamental plants to prevent and treat chlorosis.
Precautions for application First, grasp the principles of application for the status of soil trace elements.
In different types and textures of soil, the availability and content of trace elements are different, and the effects of applying trace element fertilizers are also different.
Only when the soil lacks trace elements can it exert its best synergistic and quality-improving effects.
Second, grasp the principle of co-application with macro-element fertilizers and organic fertilizers.
Only on the premise of meeting the crop's needs for the macro-element nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.
, can trace element fertilizers exert the corresponding yield-increasing effect.
In other words, based on the rational application of fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic fertilizers, targeted application of micro-fertilizers can be used to give full play to its potential for maximum efficiency and quality improvement.
Third, grasp the principle of selection and application of the response of various crops to trace elements.
Various crops have different responses to different trace elements, their sensitivity levels are different, their requirements are also different, and the application effects are significantly different.
For example, the effect of zinc fertilizer on corn is better, rape is sensitive to boron, gramineous crops are sensitive to manganese, and beans.
Family crops are sensitive to molybdenum and boron.
Fourth, grasp the principle of targeted purchase.
In view of the wide variety of micronutrient fertilizers and the complex and diverse market status, it is necessary to purchase for the lack of certain trace elements in the soil.
Do not choose the so-called "Ten Complete Supplement" products, which are expensive and untargeted, and the effect is not good.
In addition, buy genuine fertilizers.
Fifth, grasp the principle of the best application method.
The application methods of trace element fertilizers mainly include direct soil application, seed treatment and extra-root topdressing.
Among them, the effect of extra-root application is the best; soil application, namely: applying trace element fertilizers into the soil when used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer or topdressing.
The utilization rate of this kind of fertilizer is low, and because the amount of micro-fertilizer is small, it is difficult to achieve uniformity, so this method is not recommended.
