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On May 1st, the Journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) published online a research paper by Zhu Health Research Group of the Center for Plant Adversity Biology of the Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences entitled Short tandem target mimic rice lines functions of the miRNAs regulationing agronomic traits, which used STTM technology to silence rice miRNAs on a large scale and discovered new features of miRNAs to further deepen miRNA functions and provide effective resources for rice genetic improvement.
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding, about 21 nucleotides in length of small molecule RNA commonly found in organisms, which plays an important role in regulating plant organ development, signal transductivity, and responding to adversity stress.
because miRNA genes are small and most miRNA families have multiple members and are genetically redundant, it is difficult to study the function of miRNA in the traditional way of missing mutants of gene function.
current research on miRNA is mainly through excessive expression of miRNA or overexpression of miRNA resistance target gene (miRNA-resistant).
miRNAs generally regulate multiple target genes, and these methods only partially reflect the function of miRNA.
's recently invented target simulation techniques, such as target mimic (TM) and short tandem targets mimic (STTM), can effectively hinder the activity of endogenetic miRNAs, making it possible to study miRNA functions on a large scale from the genome level.
: Using STTM technology to study rice miRNA, it has been found to have important functions in regulating many important agro-artistic features.
A: Wild type and STTM156 overall form.
B: Hydroponic 7-day wild type with STTM156 seedlings.
C: Wild type with STTM159 seed length.
D: Wild type with STTM159 seed width.
E: Wild type with STTM160 flower medicine.
F: Wild type with STTM172 stem section.
the STTM172 in the G:F diagram.
H: Wild type with STTM398 rice spike.
I: Wild type with STTM398 seed length.
J: Wild type with STTM398 seed width.
this work used STTM technology to reduce the expression levels of 35 important miRNA families in rice, discovered many new functions of rice miRNA to regulate agro-features, and verified that miRNA can also be an important target for crop improvement.
In the STTM-miRNA rice strain, it was found that miRNA was involved in regulating many important agrotics such as high rice plant height, number of splits, number of spike grains, and so on, and that this regulated esotype could stabilize genetic inheritance for 5 consecutive generations.
this approach, the researchers found that most miRNAs have important new functions, such as miR172, which affects stem development and spike density, and miR156, which has new functions that affect root development.
, through the genetic regulation of miRNA, it is proved that miRNA can be an important target for crop improvement.
, for example, by regulating the expression level of miRNA398, the number of spike grains and spike length of rice can be increased, and the yield of rice can be increased.
this work not only expands people's understanding of miRNA function in rice, but also provides valuable resources for further study of rice miRNA function and rice variety improvement, and also extends miRNA function in rice to other important crops.
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