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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > Activate CD8-T cells to provide an "umbrella" for a variety of autoimmune diseases

    Activate CD8-T cells to provide an "umbrella" for a variety of autoimmune diseases

    • Last Update: 2020-06-08
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    A rarely studied immune cell (CD8-T) may be associated with reducing the wrong mechanisms that trigger autoimmune diseases, according to a new study by researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine in the United StatesStimulating CD8-T cells may lead to new treatments for autoimmune diseasesIn the study, published August 7 in the journal Nature,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1467-xresearchers tracked immune cells in the blood of mice with multiple sclerosisThey found an increase in the number of CD8-T cells -- CD8-T cells are often known for killing infected or cancercellsEven more surprising is that injecting mice with these CD8-T cell-identified peptides can reduce the severity of disease in mice and kill disease-causing immune cellsAlthough most of the studies were conducted in mice, the researchers showed that the increase in CD8-T cells in individual cells also occurred in the cells of human patients with multiple sclerosislike a seesaw, inflammatory cells and inhibitory immune cells need to balance each otherDr Mark Davis, senior author of the study and professor of microbiology and immunology, said that during autoimmune diseases, selective activation of inhibitory CD8-T cells may help restore this balanceMOG is "behind the scenes
    according to the National Institutes of Health, in most cases, researchers don't know which molecules cause autoimmune diseases, and multiple sclerosis is no exceptionBut researchers could build an animal experimental model by injecting a protein or peptide called myelin prosytogen cell glycoprotein (MOG) to cause similar diseasesMice injected with MOG develop edgy symptoms like multiple sclerosis patientsresearchers used mouse models of the disease to study the role of different immune cells in the autoimmune processThey tracked the number of immune cells in mice injected with MOGIt turns out that the number of T-cells fluctuates like waves, and it commands the overall size and strategy behind the immune response like a general "
    When T cells encounter pathogens or antigens, single-cell division in certain parts of the pathogen is identified and many copies of themselves are produced," said Dr Naresha Saligrama, the study's lead author "
    but what do these responsive T-cells respond to?" Saligrama first tested the most obvious "suspect": MOG He exposed T-cells to 350 MOM peptides But when MOG causes some T-cells to proliferate, a group of CD8-T cells does not respond to any peptides So the researchers spread the net wider: they tested about 5 billion MOG peptides "We want to know what T-cells are interested in as the disease progresses," Davis said inhibitory CD8-T cell researchers eventually discovered two peptides associated with CD8-T cells To understand the effects of these peptides, they were injected into mice before and after MOG or at the same time as MOG Because CD8-T cells are primarily known for killing cancer cells and infecting cells, the researchers speculate that CD8-T cells are activated and worsen the condition after injection But they proved wrong -- injecting mice with these two peptide-activated CD8-T cells could consistently reduce or prevent disease in mice 's startling discovery traces the idea first made in the 1970s that some CD8-T cells have an immunosuppressive effect "The effect of inhibition CD8-T on immunology is as much a contribution of the Titanic to the cruise industry," Davis said Davis and his colleagues found that these peptide-activated CD8-T kills disease-causing T-cells by punching holes in the cell membrane as they grow together in a petri dish to determine whether their observations on mice were suitable for humans, the researchers isolated CD8-T from the blood of people with multiple sclerosis and healthy blood donors They found that people with the disease tended to have a large number of the same CD8-T cells -- just like mice with similar diseases This suggests that CD8-T in multiple sclerosis is looking for something, and Davis's team is trying to solve the puzzle and study whether some of them are inhibitive researchers also plan to test whether inhibitory CD8-T is associated with other autoimmune diseases Previous findings in Davis' lab suggest that similar mechanisms may play a role in celiac disease These studies may help shed light on how autoimmune diseases work and identify new therapeutic targets References: s.1 s fore immune cell in muse model of multiple sclerosis 2? Nature discovers new immunological mechanisms: the important role of a rarely studied immune cell
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