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In recent years, more and more teenagers and young adults (15-39 years old) have cancer! In 2020, a study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute and incorporating cancer incidence data from 41 countries showed that the incidence of cancer among adolescents and young adults in 23 countries is on the rise, including China
.
According to data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) under the World Health Organization, there were approximately 1.
2 million cancer cases and 400,000 cancer-related deaths in 2018, which occurred in adolescents and young adults
.
In addition, more and more studies have found that adolescents and young adult cancer survivors have a higher risk of cancer recurrence, including cancer recurrence and secondary malignancies (SMN, which is different from the first primary tumor).
Recently, a study published in the well-known journal Cancer of the American Cancer Society (ACS) showed that among 15-39 pairs of people, cancer survivors are more likely to develop secondary malignancies again; and the first primary Different tumors have different risks and types of secondary malignant tumors
.
The study included 67,692 participants, 40% of whom were men
.
Participants are cancer survivors, and their age at the time of diagnosis of cancer is between 15-39 years old; and after treatment, their survival period is at least 5 years
Among all participants, the most common first primary tumor type was breast cancer (17%), thyroid or other endocrine adenocarcinoma (16%), lymphoma (15%), melanoma (11%), germ cell Cancer (10%), followed by female reproductive tract tumors (5%), urinary tract tumors (5%), leukemia (5%), gastrointestinal tumors (4%), soft tissue sarcomas (4%), central nervous system tumors (2%) and head and neck tumors (2%) and the like
.
During the average follow-up period of 8 years, a total of 1814 participants developed secondary malignancies
.
After adjusting for the influence of other factors, the researchers found that adolescents and young adult cancer survivors have a higher risk of secondary malignancies
.
Compared with ordinary people’s new cancer risk, adolescents and young adult cancer survivors have a 60% higher risk of developing a new type of cancer (that is, a secondary malignant tumor); in women, the associated risk is increased by 50% , And among men, the associated risk is 100% higher
.
Participants have different first primary tumors, and the risk of secondary malignant tumors is also very different
.
Survivors of head and neck tumors have a 160% higher risk of secondary cancer, 150% higher risk of lymphoma survivors, 110% higher risk of gastrointestinal tumor survivors, 90% higher risk of malignant bone tumor survivors, and reproduction The risk of survivors of cell tumors is increased by 80%, the risk of survivors of leukemia is increased by 70%, the risk of survivors of female reproductive tract tumors is increased by 60%, and the risk of survivors of other types of cancer is not significantly increased
In addition, the participants had different first primary tumors, and the risks of developing different types of secondary tumors were also different
.
Survivors of lymphoma have a higher risk of lung and tracheal tumors (290%), leukemia (230%), lymphoma (130%) and melanoma (200%)
The researchers analyzed that the individual or interaction of multiple factors, including the first primary tumor, heredity, hormone status, environment, and life>
.
For example, among lymphoma survivors, smoking increases the risk of secondary lung cancer and tobacco-related cancer; obese cancer survivors have a significantly higher risk of secondary gastrointestinal tumors, genitourinary system, and lymphoma
.
In addition, studies have shown that certain cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, increase the risk of cancer survivors suffering from secondary malignancies; more and more studies have shown that young cancer patients are more likely to have genetic predispositions.
Increase the risk of secondary malignancies
.
Researchers suggest that there are still many unsolved mysteries about secondary malignant tumors
.
In order to prevent the occurrence of secondary malignant tumors, cancer survivors should be checked in time when they have uncomfortable symptoms; they should follow relevant guidelines or doctors’ recommendations, and conduct regular reviews or screenings to detect cancer early and actively treat them; at the same time, for To promote a healthy body, it is also necessary to achieve and maintain a healthy weight, adopt a healthy diet, limit alcohol consumption, it is best to quit alcohol, stay away from tobacco and avoid second-hand smoke
Reference
[1] Annalisa Trama, et al.
[2] Sumit Gupta, et al.