Advances have been made in the study of biochar affecting the structure of soil microbiomes in black soil farmland.

Biochar is a solid substance produced by high temperature lysing of biomass raw materials under anaerobic or oxygen-deprived conditions.
biochar usually has the characteristics of high pH, high carbon-nitrogen ratio, high porousness and strong adsorption ability to soil nutrients.
biochar is not easy to be used by microbial decomposition and has a long residual time, and is considered to be a soil improver which is beneficial to improve soil carbon fixation and soil physiculation.
But at present, most of the international research on the physical and biological properties of biochar to soil and soil biology is based on indoor culture within one year or the results of potted plants and field experiments in that year, but there are few studies on the short-term and long-term effects after many years.
Northeast melanoma is famous for its high organic matter content and fertile soil, but due to long-term overexploitation and unreasonable management of agricultural measures, soil acidification, soil crushing and soil fertility decline are serious degradation problems.
based on the inherent characteristics of biochar and the dynamics after application into the soil, it is instructive to study the short-term and long-term ecological effects of biochar for the scientific formulation of biochar application strategies.
this end, the Agricultural Molecular Ecology Unit of the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences established a long-term observation and research platform for the application of straw biochar in 2012.
biochar is mixed into the soil at 0%, 2%, 4% and 8% of the soil quality of the tillage layer, soybeans and maize are planted in rotation, and the effects of biochar on soil physictural properties and soil microorganisms are monitored.
project team collected soil samples from the tillage layer four times in 2014 to analyze soil physicophysical indicators and changes in soil bacteria and fungal community.
results show that three years after the use of biochar still has a significant impact on soil physicification indicators, as shown by increasing soil carbon and nitrogen content, increasing soil moisture content, improving soil pH, reducing soil weight and so on.
Using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Illumina Miseq sequencing techniques, the study of soil bacterial community found that the addition of biochar increased soil bacterial abundance and changed the composition of bacterial community at classification levels such as door, genus and OTU; Bacillus and Pedomicrobium, between them, reduced the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium, and CCA analysis showed that changes in soil bacterial community structure were closely related to soil pH, full carbon, whole nitrogen and total potassium content.
In the study of soil fungal community structure, it was found that biochar application also increased soil fungal abundance, changing the structure of fungal community at genus and OTU levels, but not significantly at gate levels;
CCA analysis showed that changes in soil fungal community structure were closely related to soil physicification indicators such as soil pH, moisture content, TC, TN, TK and AK.
recently published in Soil Biology and Biochemistry and Applied Soil Ecology.
, a Ph.D. student at the Northeast Institute of Geography, is the first author and researcher Wang Guanghua is the communications author.
the study was jointly funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Special (Class B) (XDB15010103) and the Heilongjiang Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young People (JC201116).
: 1.Yao, Q., Liu, J., Yu, Z., Li, Y., Jin, J., Liu, X., Wang, G. Three years of biochar amendment alters soil physiochemical properties and fungal community composition in a black soil of northeast China.Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2017, 110:56-67.2. Yao, Q., Liu, J., Yu, Z., Li, Y., Jin, J., Liu, X., Wang, G. Changes of d'a community compositions after three years of biochar application in a black soil of northeast China.Applied Soil Ecology, 2017, 113:11-21.