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After peanuts were thoroughly explored, researchers came up with the idea of peanut sprouts: it can prevent cognitive impairment induced by high-fat diet!

 Last Update: 2022-05-12
 Source: Internet
 Author: User

body and organ weights

HFD significantly increased body weight, including liver, spleen, kidney, testis, and epididymal fat mass (Table 1)

Fasting blood glucose and IPGTT

Fasting blood glucose and IPGTT results are shown in Figure 1

behavioral test

Y-maze, passive avoidance and MWM tests were performed to estimate the effect of EFPS on cognitive function

The results of the passive avoidance experiment showed that the retention step delay (66.

Spatial learning and long-term memory function were assessed using the MWM test, and the results are shown in Figure 2c–d

Serum biochemical indicators are shown in Table 2 and Table 3

Hepatic and renal toxicity were confirmed by serum GOT, GPT, BUN, CRE and LDH levels

The protective effect of EFPS against oxidative stress in liver and brain tissue was confirmed by measuring MDA content and SOD level (Fig.
3)
.
MDA content was increased in the brain (4.
50±0.
40 nmole/mg protein) and liver (6.
81±0.
85 nmole/mg protein) in the HFD group compared with the control group (3.
99±0.
58 and 3.
45±0.
76 nmole/mg protein) (Fig.
3a ,b)
.
However, the EFPS 50 group (brain tissue; 4.
45 ± 0.
31 and liver tissue; 5.
72 ± 0.
41 nmole/mg protein) had decreased hepatic MDA content compared to the HFD group
.
There was no significant difference in brain MDA content between EFPS 50 group and HFD group
.
3

Brain and liver SOD levels are shown in Figure 3c, d
.
The SOD levels of brain tissue (23.
49±6.
69 U/mg protein) and liver tissue (57.
49±14.
10 U/mg protein) in the HFD
group were lower than those in the control group (31.
83±3.
20 and 80.
15±9.
67 U/mg protein) .
However, the SOD level in the EFPS group increased (EFPS 20; 86.
92±5.
42 U/mg protein, EFPS 50; 77.
37±14.
48 U/mg protein), which reduced hepatic oxidative stress
.
There was no significant difference in brain SOD level between EFPS group and HFD group
.

Brain and liver SOD levels are shown in Figure 3c, d
.
The HFD and EFPS groups had higher SOD levels (EFPS 20; 86.
92±5.
42 U/mg protein, EFPS 50; 77.
37±14.
48 U/mg protein), reducing hepatic oxidative stress
.
EFPS

Mitochondrial parameters

The effect of EFPS on brain mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed by measuring ROS generation, MMP and ATP content (Fig.
4)
.
Mitochondrial ROS production was measured using DCF-DA (Fig.
4a)
.
The production of ROS in the HFD group increased the fluorescence intensity (167.
71±16.
83%), which was higher than that in the control group (100.
00±1.
52%)
.
EFPS 50 group (104.
63±7.
26%) reduced mitochondrial ROS content more than EFPS 20 group (141.
97±31.
55%)
.
MMP results (Fig.
4b), compared with the control group (100.
00 ± 6.
63%), the MMP in the HFD group was decreased (70.
25 ± 3.
60%)
.
However, MMP improved in the EFPS group (EFPS 20; 85.
36±3.
39%, EFPS 50; 90.
33±7.
10%)
.
The mitochondrial ATP content in the HFD group (1.
13±0.
35 nmol/mg protein) was significantly lower than that in the control group (3.
97±0.
44 nmol/mg protein)
.
Compared with the HFD group, EFPS 50 (2.
05±0.
37 nmol/mg protein) ameliorates the decrease in ATP production
.

neuronal apoptosis

To confirm the effect of EFPS on brain tissue apoptosis, the relative expression of the protein was examined, as shown in Figure 5
.
The expression level of b-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in the HFD group (0.
58±0.
19) was lower than that in the control group (1.
00±0.
16)
.
The expression level of Bcl-2-related X (Bax) in HFD group was increased (1.
27±0.
05)
.
But compared with HFD group, Bcl-2 (1.
04±0.
10) and Bax (0.
74±0.
19) were significantly increased in EFPS 50 group
.

Bioactive Compound Analysis

The main bioactive components of EFPS were detected using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS (Fig.
6, Table 4)
.
Eight compounds were initially identified by MS fragmentation
.
Dicaffeic acid, caffeic acid and dihydrosorbitan hexoside, di-p- coumaroyltartaric acid isomers, soybean saponin Bb, soybean saponin Bb', soybean saponin Be were identified as the main compounds in EFPS
.
Eight compounds were initially identified by MS fragmentation
.
Dicaffeic acid, caffeic acid and dihydrosorbitan hexoside, di-p- coumaroyltartaric acid isomers, soybean saponin Bb, soybean saponin Bb', soybean saponin Be were identified as the main compounds in EFPS
.
Two pairs of incense

In conclusion, this study demonstrates that EFPS improves serum lipid biomarkers and deficits in learning and memory functions by attenuating antioxidant system damage and brain mitochondrial dysfunction in HFD-induced diabetic mice
.
Therefore, EFPS may be an effective therapeutic strategy for improving neurodegenerative diseases such as AD caused by long-term HFD depletion
.
However, more studies are needed to determine the detailed mechanism of the effect of EFPS on mitochondrial function between HFD-induced insulin resistance and cognitive decline
.

Original source:

Park SK , Lee HL, Kang JY, Kim JM, Heo HJ.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) sprout prevents high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment by improving mitochondrial function.
Sci Rep .
2022;12(1):6213.
Published 2022 Apr 13.
doi: 10.
1038/s41598-022-10520-5

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