Agriculture is more "green" and the environment is more beautiful

process of agricultural modernization, high-quality green development is actually the core problem of supply-side structural reform, and also the core problem of agricultural modernization. At the 14th Agricultural Environmental Science Summit held recently, Mei Xurong, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SEEC), said that the challenges and pressures facing the ecological environment are unprecedented, and the strategic position of scientific and technological innovation in the agricultural environment is becoming increasingly prominent.
Stressed that green development has become an inevitable trend to solve today's global resource, energy and environmental challenges and lead the development of agricultural environmental disciplines. Achieving a balance between food security and resources, the environment and sustainable agriculture is a serious strategic issue for green sustainable agricultural development.China is a large country of pig farming and pork consumption, pig farming accounted for 3/4 of the total output value of animal husbandry, accounting for 18% of the total agricultural output value, equivalent to the automobile industry, about 1.7 trillion yuan. Pig farming has become a pillar industry in China's agriculture, which concerns the national economy and people's livelihood.
, however, China's livestock and poultry produce about 3.8 billion tons of manure each year, equivalent to 32 million tons of pure nutrients, equivalent to 50% of China's total fertilizer nutrient input, but the current utilization rate of resources is less than 40%.
" aquaculture has an important function of resource conversion and ecological balance in aquiculture ecosystem. "Chinese Academy of Engineering academician In-Yuan Long pointed out at the meeting that the aquaculture industry in the beautiful China and rural revitalization strategy is a part that can not be ignored.
stressed that beautiful China is not a poor China, leaving material wealth and high-quality ecological products to talk about "beautiful" is the castle in the sky, flashy. "Beautiful China is a harmonious industrial structure and production methods, avoiding the problems of the aquaculture industry to study 'beautiful' is to avoid the reality of light, futile."
fertilizer induces soil slabs and affects beautiful countryside, and a large amount of livestock and poultry manure can not be used effectively, which affects beautiful countryside more. "The breeding dislocation is the crux of the problem." Insan long said.
At present, the problems in China's cultivation industry include the extensive use of fertilizer and pesticides, the consumption of resources per mu of production, serious pollution of soil and water sources, the decline of soil soil surface strength and the decline of agricultural product quality, while the problems in the aquaculture industry include higher dependence on feed imports, higher breeding costs, overuse of antibiotics and additives, greater food safety risks, and serious pollution of soil and water surface sources.
In view of the current series of problems in food, environment and aquiculture caused by the dissociation of cultivation and breeding, Insylon suggested that, based on the overall thinking of agricultural production source emission reduction, process control and end-of-term management, we should carry out the reduction of animal and poultry feed heavy metals, antibiotics and other harmful substances source emission reduction, animal and poultry manure, straw and other organic waste resources, build a set of technical equipment system for breeding and breeding, and create an ecological cycle model of breeding coupling.China's fertilizer application accounted for 35% of the world, the global average amount of 3.4, the United States 2.6 times, the European Union 2.5 times;
"Why is China's unit area of cultivated land pesticides, fertilizer use of the world's first?" Why is china's agricultural surface pollution, heavy metal pollution problems are unusually prominent? Yang Tianlin, a researcher at the Environmental Protection Research and Monitoring Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, raised two questions.
years, China's agriculture has entered a new stage of accelerating the transformation from a new management system combining traditional farmers' decentralized management to intensive, professionalized, organized and socialized. Intensive farmland long-term, large-scale, single planting, biodiversity has been seriously damaged, resulting in integrated barriers to farmland ecosystems, such as reduced productivity, nutrient cycle imbalance, reduced resistance to pests and diseases, reduced pollination capacity, and so on, resulting in unsustainable agricultural development.
development of intensive agriculture has become an increasingly prominent and urgent problem of ad agricultural ecosystem security. Yang said. Agricultural ecosystems account for about 40 per cent of the Earth's land area. It is an urgent requirement to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity and realize the long-term stability of the country by integrating the safety of ad agricultural ecosystem into the national security system.
" reconstruction of healthy farmland ecosystem is the fundamental way to achieve green agricultural development. Yang said this has been recognized by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as the most promising solution for the sustainable development of intensive farmland.
Yang suggested that the construction of intensive ecological farmland demonstration areas should be started as soon as possible. In the northeast, northwest, Huanghuaihai and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and other major agricultural production areas, the design and reconstruction of intensive ecological farmland system, innovation and integration of intensive ecological farmland system to build a technical system and technology model.agricultural rural waste is the inevitable product of agricultural production and rural life. At present, China's agricultural film cover area has reached 300 million mu, the direct benefits of film cover to crops reached 120 billion to 140 billion yuan, for agriculture water efficiency has made outstanding contributions.
" but the agricultural film changed from white revolution to white pollution. The average residual strength of farmland film in China is 3.45 kg/acre, the most serious in northwest China, reaching 5.16 kg/acre, the largest in Xinjiang, reaching 13.64 kg/acre, and the relative residual in East China is relatively low. Dong Hongmin, a researcher at UNCED, said that according to the 2017 survey results, the average recovery rate of the national film is less than 70%, mainly due to the thin film, low strength and poor recyclability, the existing recycling tools can not meet the requirements of field operations, mechanical recovery operation area is relatively low.
, the recycled film has a hedding rate of 70-90% and a low usable value. "The production cost of recycled particles has exceeded 5500 yuan/tonne at the current hedghage rate, which is very low compared to ordinary PE particles." Dong Hongmin believes that the main problem of residual pollution of the film is the general use and abuse of film cover technology, resulting in increased pollution of farmland, and second, the low recovery efficiency, low recovery rate, the recovery of the film containing high hems, the difficulty of separation of the film, low value.
to solve the problem of residual pollution of the film must be pioneering and innovative. Dong Hongmin introduced, at present, the Institute carried out collaborative innovation, carried out a reduction technology, all-biodegradable membrane product research and development and application, has been in the country more than 10 kinds of crops on the experiment, the promotion area of more than 10,000 mu. However, she admits that the high cost of all biodegradable membranes and the small scope of application still have some challenges in practical promotion.
Dong Hongmin suggested that the whole life cycle of membrane source microplastics and plasticizer hazard process and environmental impact research should be strengthened, film cover suitability evaluation technology research, efficient recovery tools, recycling film membrane hybrid separation technology, efficient recycling technology and process research and development, strengthen biodegradable film new materials, new processes and new product research. Zhao Lixin, director and researcher of the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, pointed out that China's agriculture has reached a period of transition, quality and efficiency, how to ensure food security and sustainable development is a question of how to develop green agriculture.
" to consider the sustainable development and green development of each region from a national perspective. Zhao Lixin, for example, said that the south is rich in water and soil resources, but now a lot of food into the province; How to plan the agricultural development of these areas in the future is a question worthy of in-depth discussion.
Mei Xurong believes that agricultural resources and environmental disciplines are complex and huge systems, it is difficult to rely on the "point" on the technological breakthrough to achieve overall improvement, interdisciplinary research and systematic approach to solve major key issues of preference.
said that with the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and other new generation of information technology deeply integrated into modern agriculture, agricultural resources and environmental technology iterative changes are accelerating to automation, intelligence, integration direction. The research idea of agricultural environment has changed from single factor to multi-factor, cross-media and multi-objective coordinated prevention and control, and the research scale has been extended to wider and deeper, and the multidisciplinary cross-integration characteristics of research means are obvious. This will strongly promote China's agricultural environmental science and technology to further innovation and green transformation.
" agricultural environment science and technology innovation how to do, two words, is 'transformation'. Mei Xurong said.
first of all, agricultural environmental science is a science to study the interaction and regulation of environmental factors in agricultural production processes, and it is a typical subject of marginal intersection and information. As a result, a single discipline is difficult to function, and new technologies and new methods and theories will continue to be integrated into the discipline system.
, the direction of research and development should be adjusted. We should insist on problem-oriented and demand-oriented. We must solve the problem of who to research and who to innovate for. Around the high-quality development of agriculture, green development of agriculture, the health of agricultural ecosystems, the construction of sustainable productivity, etc. , the layout of some major scientific issues in the agricultural environment. The whole research should carry out chain innovation, one by one, from the foundation to the application, to the transformation, from the whole industry chain to solve the problem.
third, the establishment of collaborative innovation mechanism. Innovation comes from problems, discovers problems, solves problems. There is little innovation in theory and methods in the field of agricultural environment because scientific discoveries are not made. What is most lacking in the agricultural environment is scientific discovery and model innovation, which should be strengthened.
fourth, exploring new scientific paradigms, such as data-intensive scientific discoveries. The era of big data information has provided new theories and methods for our scientific research.