Alarm responses

response to a hazard signal by reporting the hazard to other individuals. An individual's alarm response is usually an althoactive act on his or her relatives. Alarms can take the form of visual alarm, auditory alarm and olfactory alarm. The distinctive white spots on the tails of the Odocoileus virginianus, which stand out when running, are a visual warning signal to other individuals, but also attract the attention of predators. Many animals make alarm calls when they are in danger and use sound to alert other individuals. The sound characteristics of alarm tweets often make it difficult for predators to determine the location of the chirping animals. Weasels and many species of birds most often use auditory alarms, and such alarms often benefit individuals of other species. Some animals alert the police by releasing special chemicals. When a fish (Notropis) is bitten by a ferocious fish, it releases a frightening substance from the wound
tissue
, which can cause an escape response from other fish. Similar alarm substances have also been found in vertebral snails, molycchins and sea urchins. Social insects can release alarm substances without being injured, and the alarm information released by Lasius alienus can cause panic reactions from other individuals, but acanthomyops claviger's alarm information can stimulate aggression by other small yellow ants, allowing the group to fight quickly in the event of danger. The alarm response can be thought of as a special form of defensive behavior that helps protect other individuals of the same species from predators.