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Scientists have identified a series of candidate molecules for the dog allergens that cause the human immune response.
This is the first step in the development of vaccines against most dog allergies
.
There are many studies trying to describe the nature and progress of dog allergies, but few applied studies use this information to try to completely cure people with dog allergies by artificially inducing immune tolerance
.
However, researchers have now for the first time identified the candidate components that constitute the molecular part of dog allergens, thus accurately providing us with a "dog allergy vaccine"
Their findings were recently published in the journal of the European Federation of Biochemical Societies
.
Allergy to dogs is a common disease, and this disease is spreading globally
.
Over the years, scientists have been able to identify seven different dog allergens-molecules or molecular structures that bind to antibodies and produce an unusually strong immune response, which is usually harmless
These 7 allergens are named Canine Allergens 1-7 (Can f 1-7)
.
However, although there are seven types, only one, Can f 1, is responsible for most (50%-75%) reactions of people to dogs
Researchers have not yet determined that the IgE epitope of Can f 1, which is a specific part of the antigen, is recognized by the immune system and stimulates or "determines" the immune response (this is why the epitope is also called an antigenic determinant)
.
More specifically, epitopes are short amino acid sequences that form part of the protein that induces an immune response
For the first time, researchers have identified the candidate components that constitute the molecular part of dog allergens, thus accurately providing us with a "dog allergy vaccine"
.
Source: Osaka Prefecture University Inui T.
Epitopes bind to specific antigen receptors on the surface of immune system antibodies, B cells, or T cells, just like the shape of a puzzle matches the specific shape of another puzzle
.
(The part of the receptor that binds to the epitope is called the aileron)
In recent years, people have made a lot of efforts to develop vaccines that focus on antigenic determinants.
In this example, it is a vaccine against dog allergies
.
"We hope to be able to provide small doses of these epitopes to the immune system and train it to deal with them, similar to the principle behind any vaccine," the lead author of the research report, Osaka Prefecture University (Osaka Prefecture University) professor and allergy researcher Inui Takashi (Takashi Inui) said
.
"But we can't do this without first identifying the IgE epitope of can f 1.
Therefore, researchers used X-ray crystallography (x-rays to determine the "crystal" structure of a material through diffraction) to determine the overall structure of the Can f1 protein-this is the first time such a study has been done in history
.
They found that at first glance, the folding pattern of this protein is very similar to the other three Can f allergens
.
However, the location of the surface charge is quite different, which in turn indicates that a series of "residues" are good candidates for IgE epitopes
.
Using these basic data, further experimental work is needed to narrow the scope of candidate vaccines, but the results of the study show that the development of a hypoallergenic vaccine for Can f1, a vaccine for dog allergy, is on the verge of imminent
.
The use of this epitope to produce a "hypoallergenic vaccine" is not only the world's first case of dog allergies, but also rare in any allergic reaction
.
If the work of researchers is indeed used to develop dog allergy vaccines, the principles behind it can be used to treat various allergies more widely
.
Original search:
"Structure-based prediction of the IgE epitopes of the major dog allergen Can f 1" by Masatoshi Nakatsuji, Keisuke Sugiura, Keisuke Suda, Michiko Sakurai, Miki Ubatani, Haruka Muroya, Rina Okubo, Ryo Noguchi, Yoichi Kamata, Yuma Fukutomi, Osamu Ishibashi, Shigenori Nishimura and Takashi Inui, 26 October 2021, Federation of European Biochemical Societies .
DOI: 10.
1111/febs.
16252
