Am J Clin Nutr: Yogurt improves insulin resistance and liver fat status in women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome

Because of the beneficial effects of eating regular yogurt on healthy populations, insulin resistance (IR) is a mutual pathogenesis ofnon-alcoholic fatty liverdisease (NAFLD) andmetabolic syndrome(MetS), so we assume that yogurt can improve IR in NAFLD and MetS patientsstudy to investigate the effects of yogurt on the IR and secondary endpoints of obese NAFLD and MetS women, including liver fat, intestinal flora, and serum biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stressrandomly assigned 100 obese women aged 36-66 who also had NAFLD and MetS to eat 220g/day of regular yogurt or milk every 24 weeksAt the baseline and 24 weeks, we measured all participants' anthropometric serose, insulin, lipids and cytokines, as well as liver fat and intestinal flora of 20 participants randomly selected from each groupresults, 48 participants in the yogurt group and 44 participants in the milk group completed the interventionCompared with milk, yogurt significantly reduced insulin resistance (-0.53; 95% CI:-1.03, -0.02), fasting insulin (-2.77 mU/L; 95% CI:-4.91, -0.63 mU/L), 2 hours insulin (-25.5 mU/L; 95% CI:-33.0, -17.9 mU/L), area under 2-hour insulin curve (-29.4 mU/L.h; 95% CI:- - 44.0, -14.8 mU/L.h), alanine transaminase (-4.65 U/L; 95% CI:-8.67, -0.64 U/L), intraliver lipids (-3.44%; 95%CI:-6.19%, -0.68%) and liver fat score (-3.48%; 95% CI:-6.34%, -0.63%) Yoghurt also reduces serum LPS (-0.31 EU/mL; 95%CI:-0.48, -0.14 EU/mL), fibroblast growth factor 21 (-57.76 pg/mL; 95% CI: -86.32, -29.19 pg/mL), biomarkers of lipids and inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as changes in the composition of intestinal floraMediation analysis showed that yogurt could improve IR by reducing blood lipids, inflammation, oxidative stress and LPS, the results suggest that yogurt improves IR and liver fat better than milk in obese Chinese women with NAFLD and MetS, possibly by improving lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and LPS, and changing the composition of the gut flora