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On July 19th, Professor Lin Shengcai of Xiamen University published a research paper entitled "Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate and aldolase mediate glucose sensing by AMPK" - "Fructose 1,6-diphosphate and aldehyde shrink-mediated AM PK-perceived glucose" in the international top academic journal, revealing the mechanism by which the body perceives glucose levels and regulates metabolic patterns.
glucose is the most basic and important nutrient in living things, it is not only the main source of energy, but also the main raw material for biomass synthesis.
, glucose levels are extremely important to organisms.
However, fluctuations in glucose levels in the body are common in life because we can't eat glucose all the time: a big night's sleep, a few hours of intense exercise, or too much time to eat can lead to a significant drop in glucose levels.
, the body is able to trigger an effective set of processes to deal with such "adverse situations", the most critical of which is to activate the "core regulation of metabolism" - AMPK.
When glucose levels drop, activated AMPK can quickly initiate the breakdown and metabolism of fats and proteins, shutting down their anabolic metabolism, thus maintaining the balance of energy and material metabolism of the body and making up for the stress caused by the lack of glucose.
, how does the body feel the drop in glucose levels and "pass" to the AMPK to activate it? The problem is far from clear.
The current theory is that glucose is seen as an "energy signal" whose decline causes a drop in the level of ATP, the energy molecule in the cell, which in turn causes another molecule representing a low-energy state, AMP levels to rise, and ampK activators directly activate AMPK.
, there is currently no physiological state that can correspond to this theory.
study by Professor Yulin Sancai found the mechanism by which the body feels glucose levels in physiological states.
Studies have found that the rise in AMP levels cannot be observed in glucose-free cell cultures or in hungry, hypoglycemia-free animals, which fully demonstrates that the body has an unknown mechanism for sensing glucose levels independent of AMP. in further studies,
revealed this complete process: the decline in glucose metabolism intermediates that will be caused by lower glucose levels- fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate), which is further induced by aldolase, a metabolic enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. Because aldehydease is the fructose containing 6 carbon atoms 1,6-disphosphate lysed into tricarbon sugar enzyme, once aldehyde enzyme "cannot eat" by glucose-derived fructose 1,6-disphosphate, it will "turn the face", passed to the professor Lin Shengcai team previously discovered the lysosome pathway to activate the PKAM.
process does not involve AMP levels at all, i.e. changes in energy levels, and is a completely new path that is entirely based on actual physiological conditions.
Sancai further summarized glucose levels as a "state signal" to distinguish it from traditional "energy signals".
, the presence of glucose itself is a "state" that can cause a series of physiological and biochemical reactions.
Glucose levels regulate the body's metabolism without having to "bypass" energy levels, but can be perceived directly, allowing cells to feel "rich" and initiate anabolic metabolism, while when glucose levels drop, cells perceive "poverty" and turn off anabolism.
for organisms, the stability of energy levels is critical, and the decline in ATP levels can do great damage to the body, so it is likely that it will be too late to wait until energy levels drop before responding to stress.
"state signal" enables the body to "forward-looking" to deal with complex external conditions and various stressors, to ensure the orderly conduct of life activities.
Soil is the perfect product of evolution, magical and even sacred, and it has many wonderful mechanisms beyond our imagination to overcome difficulties, " concluded Professor Yulin Shengcai.
in the future, we will look at the complex and profound relationship between energy, material metabolism and biological stress response with a broader perspective and more comprehensive knowledge.
" is known to have far-reaching implications for the development of drugs to treat obesity and even extend life expectancy.
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