An article inventory: clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention of diarrhea in autumn

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Rotavirus (RV) is the leading causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children under 5 years of age, and almost every 3-5 year old child has experienced at least 1 RV infection
.
In China, October to February of each year is the high incidence of RV infection, so rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) is also known as autumn diarrhea
.

What are the clinical features of RVGE?

➤ Fever: generally moderate fever, can also be as high as 39-40 ° C, often accompanied by symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection;

➤ Vomiting: often accompanied by vomiting 1-2 days after the beginning of the disease, vomiting begins after 1-2 days;

➤ Non-bloody diarrhea: yellow watery stools, egg flower soup-like stools, 7-8 times / day;

➤ Others: Severe children will have hyperosmolar dehydration, convulsions, acidosis and electrolyte disorders
.

How is RVGE treated?

➤ Antipyretics: Ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used for antipyretic when the child has a fever
.

➤ Rehydration: Assess the degree of dehydration and give rehydration treatment in a
timely manner.
The detailed evaluation method and rehydration treatment can be seen in the article: dehydration assessment and rehydration treatment of diarrhoeal diseases in children

➤ Zinc supplementation: The World Health Organization states that zinc supplementation can reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea and reduce the recurrence
of diarrhea.
Zinc supplementation
is recommended for children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years.
Recommended dose: ≥ 6 months of age, 20 mg/day, maintained for 10-14 days
.
20 mg of zinc is equivalent to 100 mg of zinc sulfate or 140 mg of zinc
gluconate.

➤ Other adjuvant treatments:

Probiotics: can reduce the severity and duration of the disease course to a certain extent, and have a significant effect
on the watery diarrhea caused by the virus.
Probiotic therapy is recommended early in the course of the
disease.

Gastrointestinal mucosal protector: montmorillonite powder can shorten the course of diarrhea, reduce bowel movements, and improve the cure rate
.

How to prevent the occurrence of RVGE?

RV vaccine

RV vaccine is the main measure to prevent rotavirus infection, there are two kinds of vaccines currently on the market in China, namely monovalent oral live rotavirus vaccine (LLR) and pentavalent reformulated live attenuated rotavirus vaccine (RV5), see the following table
for details.

Table 1: Types of RV vaccines marketed in China and their characteristics

Other precautions

➤ Timely isolation of RV infected people to prevent cross-infection;

➤ Promote early and exclusive breastfeeding, breast milk contains immunoactive substances that enhance the child's ability to resist RV;

➤ Pay attention to diet and environmental hygiene, and wash your hands with running water and soap for at least 20 seconds
before meals and after going to the toilet.

References:

Tong Xiaodan,Ran Xuhua,Wen Xiaobo.
Research Progress on the Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Probiotic Anti-Rotavirus Infection[J].
Chinese Journal of Biologics,2020,33(06):719-721+724.

[2] Zhu Futang Practical Pediatrics on 8th Edition[M].
Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2015.
03.

[3]Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children (2020 edition)[J].
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2020(04):392-393-395-396-397-398-399-400-401-402-403-404-405.

Li Shuhua.
Comparison of the effects of breastfeeding and artificial feeding on rotavirus diarrhea in infants and young children[J].
Primary Medicine Forum,2017,21(23):3093-3094.