An overview of the insecticidal mechanism and its biological insecticidal preparations of Suyun gold spores.

Biotechnology Channel News: The long-term use of chemical insecticides has caused serious damage to the ecological environment, and pest population resistance is increasing, so biopesticides because of its "green" characteristics have attracted more and more attention.
is best known for suyun gold spores, which have been widely used in biological control of plant pests and diseases since japanese scholars isolated them from silkworms in 1901.
is the world's largest and most widely used biopharmaceutical.
The protein crystal toxin formed by it can have a toxic effect on 9 species of 500 kinds of pests, such as scale fins, membrane fins, double fins, bi-fins, caterpillars, straight fins, etc., and also has specific insecticidal activity for pests such as worms, insects, and native animals.
and scientists have a long history of scientific research on Suyun gold spores, which have been widely used since World War II for more than 60 years.
I. The historical study of Suyun Golden Spore insecticide and its application of Suyun Golden Spores were first isolated from diseased silkworms in 1901 by Japanese Shidu, and proved to be insecticidal for some scaly insects.
in 1911, Ernst Berliner, a German, re-isolated an efficient insecticide from mediterranean powderworms in the German province of Suyunkin and officially named Bacillus thutingiensis n.sp.
so far, suyunkin spore insecticide is the most successful biopicide in the world.
, scientists have a 100a history of studying Suyun gold spores.
since World War II, Suyun golden spores have been widely used for more than 60 years.
biopharmaceuticals, which are also active with suyun gold spores as an insecticide protein, account for more than 95% of global biopharmaceuticals.
But because of its promotion and people's traditional concept of pesticide use awareness, biopesticides currently account for only 5% to 8% of the total pesticide market, it can be seen from this that Suyun gold spores pesticides have a greater potential for development.
same time, Suyun gold spores are considered to be environmentally safe and friendly biopharmaceuticals, the production process meets the requirements of environmental safety protection, spraying insecticides in the wild - less external residues.
production cost of Suyun gold spores is low, the main raw materials are starch, proteinand soybean meal powder.
production and use of Suyun gold spore insecticides have the following advantages: (1) large tanks of liquid fermentation production, simple production process, less investment in equipment, low production costs; Cheap; (3) short plant construction cycle; (4) product insecticidal spectrum, more than 200 kinds of pests for the purpose of scaly wings are toxic killing effect, (5) the use of Bt insecticides on the environment and water sources pollution-free, harmless to humans and animals.
II. The separation of the biologically active toxin killing mechanism and strain of Suyun Gold Spores is a kind of Gradian-positive bacteria widely distributed in nature, and its nutrient cells are bluntly round rods at both ends, which can form companion crystal proteins at one or both ends of the cell, square, spherical, cube, diamond, spheroid, triangular, irregular and inlay.
in the process of growth metabolism can produce insecticidal active substances on a variety of insects have a strong toxic effect, in the insecticidal effect is strong at the same time no pollution to human animals and the environment.
1, the main active substances currently found in Suyun gold spores biologically active substances are insecticidal crystal protein, nutritional phase insecticidal protein, hemolytic protein, butylaminase, anticancer protein, phospholipidase C, water-soluble toxin, beta-toxin, rat-factor toxin, double-acting mycotoxin, unstable exotoxin and so on.
(1), insecticidal crystal protein Insecticidal crystal protein is Suyun gold spores in the spore formation at the same time, in the bacterial body at one end or both ends of the formation of companion crystal protein.
its insecticidal action is divided into five main steps: dissolution, enzymeization, binding to the subject, insertion, hole or ion channel formation, each step can affect the crystal protein insecticidal effect.
In these studies, it is now clear that Cry2 has insecticidal activity against both winged and scaly insects; Cry4Ba has a better insecticidal effect on Aedes aegypti and Aedes aegypti; and Cyt is a soluble cell protein that is toxic to almost all cells.
(2), nutritional phase insecticidal protein (VIPs) nutritional phase insecticidal protein is a kind of extracellultoxin protein secreted by Suyun gold spores in the growth phase, widely used in Bacillus spores.
its mechanism of action is similar to that of crystalline proteins.
Of these, it is now clear from the study that Vip1A and Vip2A are specific to corn larvae root leaf acetyles and other acetyle insects, and are insensitive to scaly-winged insects;
(3), butyrosterase, butytase is the main component of the intestinal peridenum membrane in fungal cell walls and insects, which can effectively inhibit the growth of fungi.
's main insecticidal mechanism is to hydrolysate a few butts, destroy the intestinal peritonal membrane in insects, which are pathogens and toxins that are almost exposed to the intestinal epithelials in the middle of the insect, increasing the chances of pathogens invading the insect body and accelerating larvae death.
(4), beta-exotoxin beta-exotoxin, also known as Suyunkin, is a small molecular adenosine derivative secreted outside the bacteria during the growth of Suyun gold spores.
specific antibacterial mechanisms are not yet known, but studies have found that the exotoxin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, which are insects that do not grow or develop properly during molting or perverting, leading to insect malformations or death.
has broad-spectrum insecticidal activity.
(5), phospholipidase C phospholipidase C, also known as alpha-exotoxins, is specific to phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl inositol and is capable of hydrolyzing them specific.
but the virability of insects is not yet clear.
(6), hemolytic anticancer protein and double-acting bacteria such as double-acting bacteria are a soluble substance produced by Suyun gold spores in the metabolic process, which can improve the insecticidal effect of Suyun gold spores 100 to 400 times, for the insecticidal effect of the nocellular department is particularly obvious, and the biscepous structure is simple and easy to synthesize, has a good prospect of application.
2, the separation of strains (1), the collection site Suyun Golden Spores is a variety of soil normal bacillus composition, the general collection site is complete vegetation protection, and the original ecological environment has not been destroyed, collecting soil samples from the surface 5 to 500px.
(2), screening methods the main screening methods are temperature screening method, sterile water method, sodium acetate selective screening, antibiotic selective screening method, eoculation separation method;
has now been isolated from soil, faeces, fresh fruit, plant roots, pages, food and many other materials to Suyun gold spores.
But in the production practice, due to the continuous transmission of artificial, Suyun gold spore spores and crystals become smaller, slower growth rate, low insecticidal effect and other shortcomings, so it is still necessary to continuously separate from nature the high-efficiency Suyun gold spores bioactive insecticide.
results of recent research, scientists have isolated a new strain of Suyun golden spores (code name: 00-50-0) from the journal Plant Tissue of Sunflowers.
the bacteria has the characteristics of fast growth, fast insecticidal speed and good insecticidal effect.
fermented by medium-sized fermentation tanks, which can be completed in 20 to 24 hours.
Its biochemical characteristics are: the number of spores produced in the later stages of growth and the number of companion crystals ratio of 1:3; spores are responsible for reproduction, the latter responsible for insecticidal; biochemical and molecular biology studies have shown that the total protein of the species contains 133,000 Da of pretoxin protein, 60,000, 27,000DA of insecticidal protein.
, the bacteria is extremely toxic to banded sunflower pests, and the insecticidal effect is about 250 higher than HD-1.
and preliminary biometric results show that the bacteria is highly toxic to foreign pests such as large vegetable powder butterflies, African sticky insects, grass sticky insects, North American cloud-mountain curly leaves, dancing poisons, eucalyptus leafworms, tobacco sage, tobacco ferns, etc. The domestic vegetable green worm, kale ruler , yellow tiger, oriental sticky worm, corn cocoon, cotton bellworm and other important cash crop pests have a higher toxicity, than the current market suyun gold spores preparation is more toxic.
. Summary The manufacture and abuse of chemical pesticides have caused indelible harm to the natural environment on which we depend, while pesticide residues and toxicity of harmful ingredients have become a major food safety hazard.
Therefore, how to correctly use pesticides, as well as the use of strong annihilation, environmental pollution of small green insecticides has become the mainstream trend of today, and the research and use of the long-established Suyun gold spores preparations, with its strong insecticidal effect, harmless to humans, a wide range of characteristics, has become a new type of biopesticides in the middle column.
Scientists have identified and analyzed its main insecticidal active substances, as well as the pesticide mechanism, with the aim of making better use of the bacteria, using a green, safe, pollution-free insecticidal agent to kill major cash crop pests while protecting our nature.
It is clear that this green, environmentally friendly new insecticidal agent has a wide market and strong development potential to be discovered and synthesized into more powerful insecticidal strains and the cheap production of active ingredients for insecticide preparations.
.