Analysis of effective components and research progress in pharmacology of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv

Last revised: 2013-01-10 03:24 classification: efficacy and effect one person commented that Eucommia is a dry stem bark of Eucommia ulmies Oliv, which is a plant of Eucommia family It is mainly distributed in Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hunan, and he South, Gansu, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other provinces and regions, generally cultivated, occasionally wild Eucommia, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has a medicinal history of more than 2000 years in China Eucommia ulmoides Oliv is listed as the top grade in Shennong materia medica It has the functions of nourishing the essence, strengthening the muscles and bones, strengthening the mind, calming the fetus, and long-term taking, lightening the body and enduring the aging It is mainly used for the treatment of kidney deficiency, lumbago, weakness of muscles and bones, blood leakage during pregnancy, restlessness of fetal movement and hypertension According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, bark of eucommia bark is used as the traditional Chinese medicine The bark of Eucommia ulmoides generally needs to grow for 20 (30 years), while the leaf resources are relatively rich and easy to obtain In the past ten years, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the effective ingredients, extract analysis, pharmacology and application of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv, and made gratifying achievements At the same time, Eucommia leaves have been widely used in medicine, light industry food, chemical industry, rubber and other fields According to the studies on the active components of Eucommia ulmoides, there are more than 40 known compounds, such as iridoid terpenes, gutta percha, lignans and phenylpropanoids Among them, lignans and iridoids account for a large proportion, followed by flavonoids and other compounds The results showed that the effective components of eucommia bark, leaves and branches were basically the same 1.1 iridoids: 11 iridoids have been isolated from the bark and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides, including eucommio1, eucommoside, deoxyeucommitol, geniposide, geniposide, aucubin, harpagoside, ajugaoside, raprotoside, eucommoside Mouyecao, cheyeoxalic acid, deacetylated cheyeoxalic acid, epieucommitol of 10-acetyljishiteng, digipronolactone, etc 1.2 gutta percha: it widely exists in the bark, leaves and pericarp of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Generally, gutta percha contains 6% - 10%, leaves contain 2% - 3%, and fruits contain 10% - 12% Gutta percha or balata is a natural high molecular compound Its chemical composition is exactly the same as that of natural rubber, i.e (c h), but the molecular chain configuration of them is different Natural rubber is cis polyisoprene, gutta percha is trans polyisoprene, and they are isomers Eucommia rubber chain structure has double bond, flexible and trans structure, which can be fully used in industry 1.3 lignans and steroids: 27 lignans have been isolated from Eucommia ulmoides, including dicyclohexyllignans, rosin phenols, clove resin alcohols, olive resin hormones, pine and cypress alcohols, Ginny Bosic acid methyl ester, etc In addition, b-sitosterol, carotene and triterpenoid compounds (straight chain triterpenol, betulin and oleic acid) were isolated 1.4 phenylpropanoids: mainly chlorogenic acid, conic acid, coffee acid, tartaric acid, betu lie acid, ursolic acid, vanillic aeie, capric acid and semi caproic acid 1.5 other ingredients: amino acids and trace elements, including 17 free amino acids such as serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, arginine and 15 trace elements such as germanium and selenium It also contains flavonoids, quercetin, Hyperoside, astragaloside, antifungal protein, n-29ane, n-30ane, alkaloid, polysaccharide, galactitol, Eucommia enol and volatile oil 2.1 analysis of iridoids and terpenes: Peng mijun et al Used orthogonal design table to optimize the extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction times, concentration of extraction solvent and material liquid ratio The content of aucubin was determined by spectrophotometry The content of Geniposide and geniposide was determined by HPLC According to the test results, the best extraction process of aucubin is: 70 times, 0.5 hours each time, the concentration of ethanol solvent is 80%, the ratio of material to liquid is 1:12 The best extraction technology of Geniposide and geniposide acid is: extracting once at 70 ℃ The extraction time was 1H, the concentration of ethanol solvent was 50%, and the ratio of material to liquid was 1:12 Under these conditions, a better raw material was selected, that is, the new dry bark of Eucommia ulmoides was selected as the raw material Experiments show that in practical application, better extraction process should be selected according to extraction target and raw materials 2.2 extraction and analysis of flavonoids and other components: Chengjun et al Percolated 30 kg Eucommia ulmoides with 95% and 50% ethanol successively, concentrated the percolate to no alcohol taste, then concentrated with 95% and 50% ethanol successively, extracted and concentrated with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, separated by macroporous resin to obtain 5 flavonoids Liu Huilin et al Used chlorogenic acid and dry extract as the index, and selected the optimal extraction conditions of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv by orthogonal method: 12 times 60% ethanol reflux for 3 times, 2 hours each time The chlorogenic acid content of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv extract was 8.72 mg / g crude drug, and the extract yield was 20.68% Mahihan et al Determined the xda-5 resin which is most suitable for the separation of chlorogenic acid and total flavonoids in Eucommia leaves from 10 kinds of macroporous adsorption resins, and optimized the method of adsorption and separation of chlorogenic acid and total flavonoids in Eucommia leaves with the resin Guo Xiaowu used orthogonal experiment and ultrasonic extraction to make the total flavonoids in Eucommia leaves reach 25.43% Guo Yongcheng et al Compared the difference of total extractive content and effective chemical composition between Eucommia bark and leaves in the same season The experiment proved that the content of total extractive, aucubin and chlorogenic acid in eucommia bark were higher than that in eucommia bark They thought that eucommia bark could be used in clinic instead of Eucommia bark 2.3 analysis of eucommia bark metabolites: Dong juan'e et al Used vernier caliper to measure the thickness of protoderm and regenerated bark of l7-year-old Eucommia ulmoides, used spectrophotometry to measure the content of aucubin and total flavonoids, used HPLC to measure the content of chlorogenic acid, and discussed the difference of metabolite content between protoderm and regenerated bark of Eucommia ulmoides Results the thickness of protoderm and regenerated cortex of Eucommia ulmoides was 1.646 and 1.631 mm respectively The contents of chlorogenic acid, aucubin and total flavonoids in protoderm were 0.402%, 0.781% and 0.484% respectively The contents of chlorogenic acid, aucubin and total flavonoids in regenerated cortex were 0.436%, 0.849% and 0.516% respectively The results showed that there was no significant difference in the contents of metabolites between protoderm and regenerated skin 2.4 analysis of amino acids and other components: Zang Youwei compared the content of amino acids in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv The results showed that there were 17 kinds of free amino acids in the water-soluble components of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv There were 15 kinds of free amino acids in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv At the end of detection, cystine and tyrosholic acid were detected The essential amino acids were complete The content of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv was slightly lower than that of cortex, and arginine and histidine were the most Yu Xueling et al Determined the vitamins and microelements in the leaves and bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv The results showed that the leaves and bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Contain not only vitamin E, vitamin B: and carotene, but also trace vitamin B , and the content is similar Zhang Liping et al Extracted from Eucommia ulmoides leaves, the content of rosin diglucoside in the bark was about three times higher than that in the leaves 3.1 lowering blood pressure: the sugar, alkaloid, chlorogenic acid and aucubin contained in the bark and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides all have different degrees of lowering blood pressure The lowering effect of the decoction is stronger than that of the alcohol extract, and the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides have better lowering blood pressure effect than that of the bark The extract containing iridoid glycosides and lignans from eucommia bark and leaves can reduce blood pressure of rats after oral administration The content of trace element zinc in Eucommia ulmoides is high It can reduce blood pressure by correcting the content of zinc in patients with hypertension of yin deficiency type 4.2g/kg of eucommia bark Decoction and 6.3g/kg of Eucommia leaves extract can reduce the blood pressure of normal rats, and 6.3g/kg of Eucommia leaves extract can slow down the heart rate of rats The main antihypertensive component of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv is the pine ester alcohol diglucose 3.2 anti-aging and anti-tumor: the aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Has anti lipid peroxidation effect, can inhibit the production of malondialdehyde caused by Fe 1, and has obvious protective effect on lipid peroxidation of liver and muscle of rats The antioxidant effect of the health product made from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv is much better than that of V in addition, the healing tissue of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv has a very good antioxidant effect The activity of SOD in erythrocytes of Yang deficiency mice caused by pinting acetate was increased by enema Eucommia ulmoides Oliv can promote the synthesis and decomposition of protein collagen in human skin, bone and muscle, promote metabolism and prevent aging Geniposide and aucubin in eucommia bark and leaves have antitumor activity The xylan syringin diglucoside contained in eucommia bark has a good activity in the inhibition of lymphocytic leukemia The concentration of 12.5 mg / kg can control t / C value > 126 The anticancer effect of eucommia bark may also be related to B-carotene B The water alcohol extract and injection of Eucommia ulmoides have obvious antitumor effect 3.3 anti inflammatory and antiviral: chlorogenic acid contained in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Has strong antibacterial effect, can excite the central nervous system, promote the secretion of choline and gastric juice, stop bleeding, improve the number of white blood cells and antiviral effect The content of aucubin has obvious antibacterial, antiviral and hepatoprotective activities, which can inhibit the replication of hepatitis B virus DNA Eucommia decoction can reduce the percentage of lymphocytes in the blood of mice, atrophy the thymus of young mice, decrease the content of vitamin C in the adrenal gland of rats, and increase the content of cortisol in the blood Rats were administrated with eucommia Decoction for 6 S / kg, which had significant inhibitory effect on protein foot swelling Rats were administrated with eucommia bark, leaf, regenerated skin and branch Decoction for 10 g / kg, which also had inhibitory effect on serum foot swelling 3.4 immune function: eucommia bark, leaves, branches, regenerated bark and eucommia decoction have obvious influence on the phagocytic function of mouse macrophages under the action of hydrogending pine, and the phagocytic activity is increased The flavolide isolated from the chloroform extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves is an immunosuppressive substance which mainly interferes with the function of T lymphocyte Subcutaneous injection of the extract containing iridoid glycosides and lignans from eucommia bark can improve the clearance rate of carbon particles in the blood of mice and enhance the phagocytic ability of reticuloendothelial system The basic substance extracted from eucommia tea has the function of anti-virus of human immune system Injecting 20% and 50% ethanol extract of Eucommia leaves to mice can obviously enhance the transformation function of spleen lymphocyte and phagocytosis function of peritoneal macrophage of mice, but it has no obvious effect on spleen antibody forming cells of normal mice 3.5 others: the alcohol extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Has the similar hormone effect, can promote the bone marrow production and increase the bone marrow strength of experimental animals The decoction of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv can inhibit uterus in vitro, prevent and treat experimental arthritis, and has obvious analgesic effect Geniposide acid, syringin diglucoside and chlorogenic acid in Eucommia have anti stress effects Aucubin can stimulate the parasympathetic nerve center, accelerate the transfer and excretion of uric acid It has obvious diuretic effect and is an effective component of diuretic effect Eucommia leaves can cause granuloma maturation and collagen deposition in rats