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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Endocrine System > Analysis of the results of the 1991-2018 China Health and Nutrition Survey: Long-term meat diet patterns increase the risk of overweight/obesity

    Analysis of the results of the 1991-2018 China Health and Nutrition Survey: Long-term meat diet patterns increase the risk of overweight/obesity

    • Last Update: 2021-10-01
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Edited and written by Yimaitong, please do not reprint without authorization
    .

    Introduction: What are the characteristics of southern diet, modern diet, and meat eating habits? What is the impact on health? The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) is a continuous follow-up survey conducted by the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1989 and followed up in 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015 and 2018.
    Longitudinal research
    .

    CHNS used a multi-stage random clustering process to sample 15 provinces with different populations, geography, economic development, and public resources.
    The samples used in this analysis are data from CHNS
    .

    Exploring the effect of dietary patterns on obesity With the development of China's economy and society, the public health burden brought by overweight and obesity is increasing
    .

    According to the "Report on Nutrition and Chronic Disease Status of Chinese Residents in 2020" issued by the National Health and Health Commission of China, more than half of adults are overweight or obese, and the prevalence of all age groups continues to rise rapidly
    .

    Overweight and obesity are energy imbalances driven by a variety of physiological, environmental and behavioral factors
    .

    Among them, dietary factors play an extremely important role
    .

    At present, China is in the stage of nutritional transformation, and the dietary pattern has become increasingly westernized in recent decades
    .

    It is important to understand the health outcomes of different dietary patterns trajectories over time
    .

    Meat eating patterns are more likely to lead to overweight/obesity.
    The study selected 9,299 adult participants over 18 years of age with at least 3 waves of complete diet data and body mass index (BMI), and excluded pregnant or lactating women, as well as energy intake The intake is obviously unreasonable (males <800 kCal or >6000 kCal per day, females <600 kCal or >4000 kCal) and is obviously not in line with the actual data
    .

    The researchers used factor analysis of these data to derive three dietary patterns (Table 1): ➤Factor 1 is characterized by rice, vegetables, pork, and fish/seafood as the main food source, which is named the Southern Diet Pattern; ➤Factor 2 is characterized by a large intake of fruits, dairy products and processed foods, which is named as a modern diet pattern; ➤Factor 3 is characterized by high intake of offal meat, poultry, pork and other livestock meat, so it is named meat Eating patterns
    .

    Table 1 According to the trajectory changes in each mode, no less than 3 trajectory groups are determined for the three dietary patterns (Figure 1): Figure 1 The trajectory group of dietary pattern scores from 1991 to 2018: (a) Southern dietary pattern score trajectory group : (B) Modern eating pattern scoring track group: (c) Meat eating pattern scoring track group
    .

    The results show that the Southern diet patterns and modern diet patterns have a low correlation with overweight/obesity, while the meat eating patterns are significantly positively correlated with overweight/obesity (Table 2)
    .

    Table 2 The relative risk of overweight/obesity in each diet trajectory group.
    The mechanism of different diet patterns affecting the risk of obesity is inferred that red meat and processed meat are the most common foods that lead to unhealthy diet patterns
    .

    Unlike many other countries, fresh red meat is the main component of China's total meat, and fat-rich fresh pork accounts for the majority of red meat intake
    .

    The right amount of meat is an important part of a healthy and balanced diet, which can provide high-quality protein and many micronutrients, but large amounts of consumption will have an adverse effect on health
    .

    The results of this study also indicate that long-term adherence to the meat diet may increase the risk of overweight/obesity
    .

    The other two diet patterns in this study-the modern model and the southern model, showed no significant positive correlation with the risk of overweight/obesity
    .

    The modern model mainly includes snacks, including fruits, dairy products and processed foods
    .

    The protective effect of the modern model may be due to the benefits of fruits, dairy products and nuts
    .

    Previous studies have suggested that increasing daily fruit intake is related to weight loss
    .

    A meta-analysis suggests that the consumption of dairy products may be associated with a reduced risk of obesity
    .

    Other related studies have also shown that incorporating nuts into the diet does not cause weight gain and may help maintain weight
    .

    In contrast, epidemiological evidence suggests that the presence of processed foods (usually high in sodium, fat, and carbohydrates) can lead to overweight/obesity, so under modern diet patterns, healthier ingredients may offset processing The adverse effects of food, this seems reasonable
    .

    The southern model represents the traditional eating habits of southern China, and people are more inclined to use rice as a staple food with dishes
    .

    Regarding the Southern pattern is associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity, one possible mechanism is that this diet seems to be a sign of dietary diversity, which leads to a lower risk of obesity; another explanation is that rice and vegetables May have the effect of preventing obesity
    .

    Yimaitong compiled and compiled from: Zhang J, Wang H, Wang Z, et al.
    Trajectories of Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with Overweight/Obesity among Chinese Adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2018[J].
    Nutrients, 2021, 13(8): 2835.

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