Analysis on the development status and trend of flame retardant materials

Generally, the decomposition energy and heat capacity of magnesium hydroxide are relatively high.
Compared with ordinary inorganic flame retardants, the materials synthesized by magnesium-based flame retardants can withstand higher temperatures, which can not only improve the extrusion speed, but also greatly reduce the molding practice
.
In addition, the flame retardant efficiency is effectively improved
.
At the same time, magnesium hydroxide and other related flame retardants have good compounding ability.
Magnesium hydroxide flame retardant is widely used in the plastics and rubber industries, and has great market potential in the future, but the price is higher than other flame retardants
.

2.
4 Aluminum flame retardant

Generally speaking, aluminum hydroxide is an early inorganic flame retardant, and it is also a widely used one.
Currently, aluminum hydroxide accounts for more than 80% of the total inorganic flame retardant, and is widely used in elastomers, rubber, coatings, etc.
And among plastic products, it has the functions of smoke elimination, flame retardant, filling, and can synergize with other substances.
It is cheap, non-volatile, non-toxic and non-corrosive.
The principle of aluminum hydroxide flame retardant is to add aluminum hydroxide to the polymer.

.

Thereby reducing the concentration of the polymer
.
When the temperature reaches 250°C, heat absorption and dehydration start, so that the temperature rise of the polymer can be suppressed
.
During the combustion of aluminum hydroxide flame retardant materials, water vapor can be generated to dilute the combustible gas and oxygen, thereby preventing the combustion from continuing
.
However, aluminum hydroxide flame retardant materials also have certain defects.
For example, the flame retardant effect of aluminum hydroxide is strengthened with the increase of additives, but if it is filled too much, the strength of the product will be reduced
.
In addition, although the heat absorption of aluminum hydroxide is large, but the decomposition temperature is low, it can only be applied to polymers with low processing temperature
.

3.
Development trend of flame retardant materials

3.
1 Halogen-free flame retardant

Halogen flame retardant materials have high flame retardant efficiency and low dosage, and have become mainstream products in the current market.
However, halogen flame retardants have the disadvantage of producing corrosive and toxic gases, which can lead to short circuits or corrosion of other metal objects
.
In addition, it causes air pollution and has a serious impact on the human respiratory tract
.
In recent years, the United Kingdom, Norway, and Australia have issued a series of decrees to conduct combustion toxicity tests on certain plastic products.
Therefore, the development of halogen-free flame retardants has gradually become a world trend
.

Inorganic flame retardants are rich in sources and low in price, but their flame retardant effect is poor and there are too many additives
.
Red phosphorus flame retardant has high efficiency and low dosage, and is widely used in many industries.
However, the stability of red phosphorus flame retardant needs to be further strengthened.
Red phosphorus has the weaknesses of easy explosion and easy coloring
.
Intumescent flame retardants emit less smoke and no toxic gas during combustion.
Therefore, the research on intumescent flame retardants should be strengthened
.
China's Beijing Institute of Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Chemical Research Institute and Shanghai Fire University have strengthened research on intumescent flame retardants, and are expected to develop new products for market use
.

3.
2 Reduce harmful gases

According to relevant statistics, most of the causes of death in fires are caused by the toxic gases released by the burning items.
Researching new flame retardants to reduce the toxic gases and smoke from the burning of materials is a key research topic in the current flame retardant field
.

At present, the main smoke suppressants mainly include transition metal oxides, metal oxides, magnesium-zinc complexes, tin oxide, ferrocene, copper oxide, etc.
The main products are zinc borate series and molybdate series of American companies.
etc.

_ Among them, some inorganic fillers have both flame retardant and smoke suppression effects
.
In addition, the porous carbon layer of the intumescent flame retardant also has smoke suppression and flame retardant effects
.
Through the research of new flame retardants, the high temperature resistance and fire resistance of materials can be improved, on the one hand, the harm of harmful gases to the human respiratory tract can be reduced, and on the other hand, the spread of fire can be suppressed to avoid greater losses
.

4 Conclusion

In summary, this paper mainly analyzes the current development status and trends of flame retardant materials.
Among them, there are many types of flame retardants, including inorganic flame retardants and organic flame retardants.
The improvement of safety standards should make flame-retardant materials difficult to burn or smoke-free and non-toxic in the process of burning, avoiding environmental pollution and causing respiratory problems.
There are many kinds of flame retardants, including halogen-based flame retardants, phosphorus-based flame retardants, etc.
The future development trends of fuels include halogen-free trends and the reduction of harmful gases
.