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The hippocampus is a complex structure connected to two cortical networks, namely the anterolateral (AT) and posteromedial (PM) networks
The AT and PM networks have special significance in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease
Second, recent studies have shown that in elderly subjects with normal cognition, AT and PM networks are selectively susceptible to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, in which tau targets the AT network, while amyloid β pathology is preferentially deposited In the PM network
In patients with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the functional connection between the hippocampus and the DMN area included in the PM network (such as the posterior cingulate cortex) is reduced
In contrast, research investigating the connectivity between MTL and AT networks is limited and inconsistent, as both increases and decreases in connectivity have been reported
There has not been a longitudinal study of MTL connectivity in Alzheimer's disease, and this is particularly important given that changes in connectivity may reflect dynamic processes in the course of the disease
They first assessed the changes in the connectivity of MTL subregions with AT and PM networks in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with healthy elderly controls, that is, cross-sectional, and an 18-month follow-up period, that is, a longitudinal study
This study mainly used stationary functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the MTL connection of 53 amyloid beta-positive patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease and 68 healthy elderly controls.
They found that the connection between the patient’s hippocampus and the mid-posterior network was reduced, while the connection between several MTL subregions and the anterior temporal network increased
In addition, the changes in the mid-posterior and anterior temporal networks are interrelated, that is, the decrease of MTL-mid-posterior connections is related to the increase of MTL-anterior temporal connections
In addition, the changes in the mid-posterior and anterior temporal networks are interrelated, that is, the decrease in the MTL-mid-posterior connection is related to the increase in the MTL-anterior temporal connection
Finally, both a decrease in MTL-middle and posterior and an increase in MTL-anterior temporal can predict cognitive decline
This study shows that the longitudinal connectivity changes in the mid-posterior and anterior temporal networks of the hippocampus are linked, and they all contribute to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease
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