Annals of Neurology: Biomarkers of the cytostic skeleton in the serum can predict long-term cognitive decline

In pre-symptomatic extrinsic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progression to clinical AD, promising blood biomarkers were found to provide selection, screening and risk stratization for subjects in therapeutic trials and as predictive markers of adverse clinical outcomes.
, however, these blood markers have received little attention as a minimally invasive, cost-effective tool for studying neurodegenerative processes on the basis of clinical AD.
understanding of these biomarkers will improve early prevention and treatment strategies in the development of the disease.
total tau (t-tau), neurofilamental light chain protein (Nf-L) and glial fibroic acid protein (GFAP) in the blood are noteworthy biomarkers of the cytostic skeleton.
plasma t-tau was associated with cognitive decline, sea mass volume and nerve fiber entanglement, and serum Nf-L was associated with the onset of familial AD.
addition, GFAP is also associated with AD and cognitive impairment.
, however, little is currently understood about how these biomarkers are associated with long-term cognitive performance: for example, the time-dependent development of clinical AD, and long-term changes in cognitive function and brain morphology.
, Kumar B. Rajan of the University of California and others, Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), explored the direct relationship between tau, NfL, GFAP and AD and cognitive decline.
They used single-molecule array technology to perform hypersensitive immunometric measurements of concentrations of t-tau, Nf-L, and GFAP in serums in a population sample of 1,327 participants (60 percent African-American and female), all of which performed AD clinical assessments, completed cognitive assessments, and performed 1.5T structural magnetic resonance imaging.
results showed that higher concentrations of serum biomarkers were associated with the development of clinical AD, especially time-specific correlations: serum biomarkers were associated with a faster decline in cognitive ability over a 16-year period; The rate of decline was 30 per cent faster, the rate of decline was 110 per cent faster for people with Nf-L?gt;25.5pg/ml, and 130 per cent faster for people with GFAP/232pg/ml than for the lowest quarter.
the sea mass decreased by 160% compared to participants with a baseline GFAP of 232pg/ml and a participant with a numerical value of 160pg/ml.
addition, the higher the baseline t-tau, the faster the volume of the third chamber increases, and the faster the baseline Nf-L and GFAP are associated with a decrease in cortline thickness.
The significance of this study is that it has been found that serum t-tau, Nf-L and GFAP can predict the development and cognitive decline of exudable AD, as well as changes in brain structure characteristics, suggesting that they can not only be used as screening and predictive biomarkers, but also explain the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
origin: Rajan, K.B., Aggarwal, N. T., McAnnnch, E. A., Weuve, J., Barnes, L.L., Wilson, R.S., ... & Evans, D. A. (2020). Remote Blood Biomarkers of Longitudinal Cognitive Outcomes in a Population Study. Annals of Neurology, 88(6), 1065-1076.<!--5f39ae17-8c62-4a45-bc43-b32064c9388a: W3siYmxvY2tJZCI6IjgwMTgtMTYxMDgzNDIxNjgxMiIsImJsb2NrVHlwZSI6InBhcmFncmFwaCIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJhbGlnbiI6ImxlZnQiLCJpbmRlbnQiOjAsInRleHQtaW5kZW50IjowLCJsaW5lLWhlaWdodCI6MS43NSwiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiIsInBhZGRpbmciOiIifSwidHlwZSI6InBhcmFncmFwaCIsInJpY2hUZXh0Ijp7ImRhdGEiOlt7ImNoYXIiOiJBIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6Im4iLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoibiIsInN0eWxlcyI6e yJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiJhIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6ImwiLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoicyIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiIgIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6Im8iLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoiZiIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYX IiOiIgIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6Ik4iLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoiZSIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiJ1Iiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6InIiLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoibyIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiJsIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiI jZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6Im8iLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoiZyIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiJ5Iiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6Ii0iLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoi6KGAIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6Iua4hSIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiLkuK0iLCJz dHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoi57uGIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6IuiDniIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiLpqqgiLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoi5p62Iiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6IueUnyIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiLniakiLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvc iI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoi5qCHIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6IuW/lyIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiLniakiLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoi5Y+ vIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6IumihCIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiLmtYsiLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoi6ZW/ Iiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6IuacnyIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiLorqQiLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoi55+ lIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6IuWKnyIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fSx7ImNoYXIiOiLog70iLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiNmZmZmZmYifX0seyJjaGFyIjoi5LiLIiwic3R5bGVzIjp7ImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIjZmZmZmZmIn19LHsiY2hhciI6IumZjSIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJiYWNrLWNvbG9yIjoiI2ZmZmZmZiJ9fV0sImlzUmljaFRleHQiOnRydWUsImtlZXBMaW5lQnJlYWsiOnRydWV9fSx7ImJsb2NrSWQiOiIxMTMwLTE2MTA4MzU0NTQzNzkiLCJibG9j a1R5cGUiOiJwYXJhZ3JhcGgiLCJzdHlsZXMiOnsiYWxpZ24iOiJsZWZ0IiwiaW5kZW50IjowLCJ0ZXh0LWluZGVudCI6MCwibGluZS1oZWlnaHQiOjEuNzUsImJhY2stY29sb3IiOiIiLCJwYWRkaW5nIjoiIn0sInR5cGUiOiJwYXJhZ3JhcGgiLCJyaWNoVGV4dCI6eyJkYXRhIjpbXSwiaXNSaWNoVGV4dCI6dHJ1ZSwia2VlcExpbmVCcmVhayI6dHJ1ZX19LHsiYmxvY2tJZCI6IjMwMTAtMTYxMDgzNTQ1NDM4MyIsImJsb2NrVHlwZSI6InBhcmFncmFwaCIsInN0eWxlcyI6eyJhbGlnbiI6ImxlZnQiLCJpbmRlbnQiOjAsInRleHQtaW5kZW50IjowLCJsa W5lLWhlaWdodCI6MS43NSwiYmFjay1jb2xvciI6IiIsInBh