Antibiotic resistance

Important factsToday, antibiotic resistance is the biggest threat to global health
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It affects everyone, regardless of their age and nationality
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Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but the misuse of antibiotics between humans and animals can accelerate the process of resistance
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More and more infections (such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and gonorrhea) are becoming more difficult to treat because the antibiotics used to treat infections are not as effective as they used to be
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Antibiotic resistance can lead to longer hospital stays, higher medical costs and more deaths
.
OverviewAntibiotics are drugs used to prevent and treat bacterial infections
.
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria react and change to the use of such drugs
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It is bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, not humans
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These bacteria can infect humans and become more difficult to treat than non-resistant bacteria
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　　Antibiotic resistance can lead to higher medical costs, longer hospital stays and more deaths
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In the European Union alone, drug-resistant bacteria are estimated to have caused 25,000 deaths, resulting in health care expenditures and productivity losses of more than 1.
5 billion U.
S.
dollars each year
.
　　The world urgently needs to change the method of prescribing and using antibiotics
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Even if new drugs are developed, antibiotic resistance will still be the main threat if behaviors are not changed
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Behavior changes also include actions to reduce the spread of infection through vaccinations, hand washing, and maintaining good food hygiene
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　　The scope of the problem 　　 the　　impact of antibiotic resistance in various parts of the world has risen to dangerous heights
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Every day, new resistance mechanisms appear and spread, threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases
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As the effectiveness of antibiotics declines, more and more infections (such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, sepsis, and gonorrhea) become more difficult to treat, and sometimes even impossible to treat
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　　In countries where antibiotics can be purchased without a prescription, the emergence and spread of drug resistance will be more serious
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Similarly, in countries where there are no standard treatment guidelines, health workers often over-prescribe antibiotics, and the public will overuse it
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　　Without urgent action, we will enter the post-antibiotic era, when ordinary infections and minor injuries will cause death again
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　　Prevention and control　　Due to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has accelerated and infection prevention and control have become increasingly difficult
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Actions can be taken at all levels of society to reduce the impact of antibiotic resistance and limit its spread
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　　The general public should:　　wash their hands frequently, maintain good hygiene habits, avoid close contact with patients and vaccinate the necessary vaccines to prevent infection; 　　use only antibiotics prescribed by certified health professionals; 　　always take the medication as prescribed; 　　do not use remaining antibiotics; 　　Do not share antibiotics with others
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　　Health workers and pharmacists should: 　　ensure that their hands, utensils, and environment are clean to prevent infection; 　　ensure that patients receive the necessary vaccines in time; 　　when a suspected bacterial infection occurs, confirm through bacterial culture and testing; and 　　only issue and Distribute antibiotics; 　　prescribe and distribute appropriate antibiotics in appropriate doses during the appropriate course of treatment
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　　Policymakers should:　　Develop a strong national action plan to deal with antibiotic resistance; 　　improve surveillance of antibiotic resistance infections; 　　strengthen infection prevention and control measures; 　　supervise and promote the rational use of high-quality drugs; 　　make information about the impact of antibiotic resistance available; 　　rewards Develop new treatments, vaccines and diagnostics
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　　The agricultural sector should:　　ensure that the antibiotics used for animals (including food animals and companion animals) are only used to treat infectious diseases and be carried out under veterinary supervision; 　　vaccinate animals to reduce the demand for antibiotics, and develop antibiotic alternatives for plants; 　　Promote and apply good practices in all animal and plant-derived food production and processing steps; 　　adopt a sustainable system for handling animals with improved sanitary conditions, biosafety, and stress-free response; 　　implement the International Epidemiological Service, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization International standards for the responsible use of antibiotics established by the organization and the WHO
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　　The health care industry should:　　Invest in new antibiotics, vaccines and diagnostic methods
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　　The latest developments　　Although some new antibiotics have been developed, none of these antibiotics can fight the most dangerous forms of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
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　　In view of the current convenience and frequency of people's travel, antibiotic resistance has become a global problem, requiring all countries to make joint efforts
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　　Impact　　When first-line antibiotics cannot treat infections, more expensive drugs must be used
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A longer course of disease and treatment (generally occurring in hospitals) will increase the cost of health care and the economic burden of the family and society
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　　Antibiotic resistance puts the achievements of modern medicine at risk
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Without antibiotics that can effectively prevent and treat infections, surgical operations such as organ transplantation, chemotherapy, and caesarean section will become very dangerous
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　　WHO's response to "　　antibiotic resistance" is a high priority for WHO to solve
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An action plan for antimicrobial resistance including antibiotic resistance was adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2015
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This global action plan aims to ensure the continued use of safe and effective drugs to prevent and treat infectious diseases
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　　Global Action Plan has five strategic objectives: 　　to improve the antimicrobial drug resistance awareness and understanding; 　　strengthen monitoring and research; 　　reduce the incidence of infection; 　　optimize the use of antimicrobial drugs; 　　ensuring that should be carried out against drug resistance and antimicrobial agents Continue to invest
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　　In response to Goal 1, WHO is leading a global campaign with the theme "Taking Antibiotics Cautiously"
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The event will be launched during the first "World Antibiotic Awareness Week" from November 16 to 22, 2015
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　　WHO supports member states to formulate national action plans that are consistent with the global action plan in accordance with national conditions to deal with antimicrobial resistance
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