Application of lipid nutrients in functional dairy products.

. Jiabiyu Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd. Contribution
Functional foods are entering a rapid development stage in the world, the scale of the industry is expanding, and functional dairy products will also usher in a good development opportunity. Lipid nutrients as a variety of nutrients, its function and nutrition by more and more consumers to recognize and accept. The development of lipid functional nutrients will play an extremely important role in human health and nutrition.
with the development of economy and changes in people's eating habits, the incidence of high-calorie, high-fat, high-fat, myocardial infarction and other diseases has increased year by year, which is a serious threat to human health. At present, people have a better understanding of the performance, function, human needs and the interaction between the various components of food, more consumers hope to adjust their nutritional balance in a more nutritious and healthy way, and achieve the goal of preventing and treating a variety of diseases.
Functional foods are foods that claim to have specific health functions or are intended to supplement vitamins and minerals, i.e. suitable for specific populations, have the function of regulating the body, are not intended for the treatment of diseases and do not cause any acute, subacute or chronic harm to the human body. In recent years, with people pay more and more attention to their own health, the degree of attention to functional food is increasing day by day. In North America, about 93 percent of consumers believe that eating functional foods is good for their health and reduces the risk of developing physical diseases, according to the survey, and more consumers want to improve their health by choosing the right functional foods. The development of functional food is one of the most important fields in the food industry in the world, which has involved infant food, baked goods, dairy products, confectionery products, sweets, meat products and beverages.
in functional food, functional dairy products occupy an important position. Data for 2010 show that dairy products account for the largest number of functional foods in the world. With the increase of consumer health awareness, people's functional requirements for products are becoming more and more diversified, and the demand for functional dairy products is gradually forming a trend. Lipids, as one of the three major nutrients of the human body, play an important biological role in the nutritional balance of the human body can play an important role. It contains a variety of physiologically active substances such as polysaturated fatty acids, structural fats and a variety of lipids in functional dairy products have unique application characteristics, and can further improve the quality and nutrition of products. Therefore, in-depth study of lipid nutrients in functional dairy applications have a broad market and prospects.
functional dairy products and their development status
1 Definition of functional dairy products
Functional dairy products occupy an important market share in functional foods. According to Saxelin et al.'s classification of dairy products, can be divided into three categories: the first is ordinary dairy products, mainly including conventional dairy products such as milk, yogurt, cheese, butter, ice cream and so on. The second is added value-added products, including low lactose or lactose-free dairy products, low allergen hydrolytic protein dairy products, added calcium and vitamin-rich dairy products, these products are widely accepted by some special consumer groups. Dairy products that used to add minerals and vitamins were not included in functional dairy products, but now some markets are beginning to accept the addition of minerals and vitamins to dairy products as functional foods. The third is functional dairy products, which, in addition to having basic nutritional value, can also show significant beneficial effects. And they contain physiologically active substances that can come from dairy products or other sources.
At present, functional dairy products are generally defined as: in addition to the chemical and nutritional effects inherent in general dairy products, but also contain certain special nutrients and functional components, is a combination of one or more specific physiological health functions of dairy products.
2 Development status of functional dairy products
From 2005 to 2010, the global number of functional dairy products showed a slow upward trend, with a maximum ratio of 35% of total dairy products. At present, the development of new products of domestic functional dairy products mainly focuses on the addition of probiotics, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, peptides, phytosterols and polysaturated fatty acids and other elements. The proportion of domestic functional dairy products has accounted for 15%, but with the international leading ratio of about 35% is still a big gap, there is still a lot of market space.
application of lipid nutrients in dairy products
1 lipid nutrients and their classification
lipids are substances that can be extracted from non-polar solvents in biological tissues. They play an important biological role as components of life or cells. Fat in a broad sense refers to lipids, including neutral fats and lipids. In the narrow sense of fat refers only to neutral fats, i.e. triglycerides. There are many types of lipids, including phospholipids, caramels, glycolipids, steroids and sterols, lipoproteins, etc. Lipids are important components of cell membranes, brain and outer nerve tissue, and their content in the body generally does not change with the nutritional status of the human body. Lipids also include polysaturated fatty acids with physiological activity, of which omega-3 and omega-6 series of polysaturated fatty acids are widely used because of their important physiological functions. In addition, lipids include structural fats with nutritional value such as OPO and MCT, which are composed of special fats.
At present, all kinds of lipid nutrients commonly used in the market are widely used in a variety of food-related fields, including: long carbon chain polysaturated fatty acids such as ARA, DHA, EPA, oleic acid, flaxic acid, tocopherol and tocopherol, phytosterol, horn shark, phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, OPO, medium carbon chain triglycerides (MCT) and so on.
2 Physiological function of lipid nutrients
Polysaturated fatty acids (PUFA) refers to straight-chain fatty acids with two or more double bonds and a carbon chain length of 18 to 22 carbon atoms. At present, the more widely used are ARA, DHA, EPA and lyanic acid, flax acid. ARA promotes brain and neurodevelopment, improves memory, prevents cardiovascular disease and cancer, and also relieves and regulates nerves. And DHA has the effect of promoting brain and neurodevelopment, brain health, preventing cardiovascular disease and cancer, anti-inflammatory, inhibiting allergic effects. EPA has the effect of lowering cholesterol and triglycerides, reducing blood viscosity, improving blood circulation, eliminating fatigue, and preventing cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, hypertension, etc. Lytic acid has the effect of inhibiting tumor growth, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and preventing cardiovascular disease. Flaxic acid has the effect of preventing cardiovascular disease, lowering blood lipids and blood pressure, inhibiting the occurrence and metastasis of cancer, anti-aging, and enhancing intelligence.
is often referred to as vitamin E and is found mainly in the germs of oily seeds and grains. Tocopherol has a good antioxidant effect and helps prevent the development of some chronic diseases, such as heart disease and some cancers. Studies have shown that tocopherols also have blood cholesterol, anticoagulant enzymes and anti-cancer properties that can play a role in preventing and treating many diseases.
plant sterols are the least contained ingredients in all plants and are the main components of non-saponins in oils and fats. Plant sterols have antioxidant, lipid-lowering, stimulating growth and the activity of the lower part of the cerebrocephalus.
-horn shark and its hydrogenated form of squalene are terpene hydrocarbons that are naturally found in fish liver oil and have many uses in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as well as cholesterol biosynthesis, anti-tumor, antibacterial and anti-cancer properties, as well as for the treatment of chronic skin and liver diseases.
phospholipids have therapeutic effects on a variety of metabolic disorders, such as lowering cholesterol levels, treating neurophysiological disorders, and improving learning and memory in humans and animals.
carbon chain triglycerides (MCTs) mainly contain 8 to 12 carbon chain fatty acid esters, which can be used to treat diseases with poor fat absorption and as a major source of energy for early infants.
OPO structural lipid chemical name: 1,3-dyriclic acid 2-palmic acid triglycerides. Unique two palmic acid structure, digestion is not easy to form calcium soap, so it is not easy to cause infant constipation, more easily fatty acids and calcium digestion and absorption.
3 lipid nutrients in dairy products
Globally, ARA and DHA are more mature in the food industry and have been added to many different food substations. Among them, infant formula products are most widely used, and DHA is usually used in conjunction with ARA. And structural fat OPO as a high-end structural fat in some high-end milk powder is also involved, it can better adapt to the baby's natural nutritional needs, better support the healthy growth of the baby.
addition, a variety of lipid nutrients including ARA, DHA, EPA, MCT, phospholipids and other products are widely used in a variety of dairy products, many markets around the world have such products. In the global market, adding lipid nutrients to enhance the nutrition and function of dairy products is active, especially in China, the United States, Indonesia, Vietnam, South Korea. At present, mainly concentrated in modulation milk, full-fat milk, flavor fermented milk, cheese and legume dairy products. At the same time, the development of functional dairy products is getting closer to market demand, such as the "Nutricia Nutrison" product from Nutricia, the Dutch company, which contains 0.17gDHA and EPA/500mL, as well as the medium carbon chain fatty acid MCT, which is designed to provide hospital patients with a full range of nutrients.
domestic market, DHA, ARA, EPA, phospholipids and other lipid nutrients are used in a number of products. Yili and Mengniu occupy the main position of lipid nutrients in domestic functional dairy products. Mengniu Shu life series of dairy products in order to provide consumers with youth and vitality, providing DHA-rich middle-aged and elderly dairy products. Mengniu Future Star Series and Yili QQ Star Series have developed DHA-rich modulation milk and flavor fermented milk for children between 5 and 12 years of age to meet their growth and development needs. Bright Dairy has also begun to develop this kind of lipid-added nutrient dairy products, its children's health series of functional dairy products in the market is also well received. Wahaha Group has also developed a series of functional dairy products for children, in addition, Wahaha Group has also developed a special DHA-rich haha milk recovery milk, with basic nutrition, while providing better nutritional supplements. In addition, Wangwang, Junlebao and Yinqiao Dairy and other enterprises in recent years have developed a child's growth needs of lipid-rich nutrients of dairy products.
of DHA in functional dairy products in lipid-rich nutrients is
. DHA is short for docosahexaaenoic acid, commonly known as brain gold. DHA is one of the main nutrients in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 PUFAs), which have strong physiological activity and play an important role in the growth and development and health of humans and animals, and have special preventive and therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases. With the increase of awareness of the nutritional efficacy of DHA, DHA products in dairy applications are becoming more and more abundant.
1 DHA in modulation milk
with consumers pay attention to their own health, the addition of DHA modulation milk is more and more popular with consumers. At present, the domestic market modulation milk mainly for children's modulation milk. By optimizing the dairy formula, adding all kinds of nutrients necessary for young children on the basis of ordinary pure milk and often undersupplying daily diet, the nutritional imbalance in children plays a complementary and complementary role. In recent years, modulation milk products for children have performed well in the market, becoming the fastest growing emerging category of milk products sold at room temperature. Under the background of competitive market, modulation dairy products developed for children as a new market segment in the dairy field will become a hot spot.
study by Geertje et al. found that higher levels of DHA intake improved children's scores on school daily tests, as well as their performance in various behaviors at school. Lu Shixian et al.'s research, added DHA into dairy products, found that the addition of DHA on milk acidity has no obvious effect. With the increase of DHA addition, the fishy smell of full-fat and skimmed milk samples gradually increased, the milk flavor gradually weakened, and the milk flavor of skimmed milk was weaker than that of full-fat milk. Therefore, it is recommended that DHA be added to dairy products at 20mg/100mL.
2 DHA in yogurt
With increased consumer awareness of health, yogurt has become more than just nutrition, but a drink that protects the gastrointestinal environment. Yoghurt is no longer just an emphasis on its unique strains, promote digestion, enhance immunity, prevent diabetes and other functional claims of products are also being introduced. Relevant research shows that adding DHA to yogurt can not only improve the nutritional value of yogurt, but also improve the type of human gut bacteria to a certain extent, so as to be beneficial to health.
huang Qifeng et al. show that it is feasible to add DHA oil to yogurt (DHA net addition within 0.25 mg/g). Adding orange, mango, strawberry and other flavors will increase the amount of DHA algae oil in yogurt, thus providing a good way to develop high DHA content of yogurt products. In addition to rich nutrition, yogurt also contains lactic acid bacteria, so it has a health role, can maintain the ecological balance of intestinal bacteria, the formation of biological barriers, inhibit the invasion of the intestines of harmful bacteria. Tian Yu et al.'s research has also shown that DHA can improve the host's gut microbiome under high-fat feeding conditions, further improve the type of gut microorganisms, and thus good for health.
application of 3 DHA in milk tablets
milk tablets are based on fresh milk or milk powder as the main raw material, adding the right amount of accessories, by mixing, pressing tablets, packaging made of flaky dairy products. The main nutrients of milk tablets include protein, fat, carbohydrate and so on. Edible milk slices can enjoy the flavor and texture of milk, the unique processing process retains a variety of nutrients in milk. Compared with fresh milk, milk tablets also have the advantages of direct consumption, easy to carry, long shelf life, no refrigeration, no heating and so on.
with the further improvement of consumers' awareness of health, how to further improve the nutritional value of milk tablets has become a development trend. Yili Group's Yili Children's Growth Milk Tablets (DHA Enhanced) are popular in the market. Research by Yang Yiheng et al. has shown that DHA is added to milk tablets.