Application of special dyeing technology.

Modern
pathology
immune
tissue
chemical technology, electron
microscope
technology and other cell and
molecular biology
technology is increasingly widely used, but because these technologies require certain experimental conditions and the required
reagents
is more expensive, for some patients and some primary hospitals are more difficult to accept. Tissue chemistry technology has the advantages of not requiring complicated experimental conditions and more expensive reagent operation, which is of great application value in clinical pathology diagnosis.
For example, when pigment appears in cells, is melanin or iron hemoelin and when the tissue appears whether an average chemical is a starchy substance, etc. , the difference between tissue chemistry technology is very simple, so tissue chemistry technology, although there have been decades to hundreds of years of history, is still a very useful technology.
many methods of tissue chemical dyeing, we only introduce the application of several commonly used tissue chemical staining in pathological diagnosis.
, collagen fiber dyeing . All interleaving tissue cells can produce mesh fibers, but also collagen fibers, fibrous mother cells are the main cells that produce collagen fibers. Collagen fiber is the main fiber in connective tissue, is an important part of the supporting role in connective tissue, has a certain degree of toughness and robustness, can resist a certain amount of traction without tearing.
collagen fiber is the collagen staggered from each other 1/4 parallel arrangement into collagen fiber, collagen fiber re-polymerized into a wider structure. According to the chemical composition of collagen can be divided into 15 kinds, collagen fiber in the interstate is mainly composed of I, II., III. type collagen, fresh when white, so also known as white fiber. In HE dyeing, the pink color is equal, and the difference between the surrounding interstumes is not very clear. After dyeing, it can be clearly distinguished, easy to observe the changes of collagen fibers when lesions.
:
(1) organ sclerosis disease observation: such as liver hardness, heart muscle scarring observation, collagen staining is easier to observe and diagnose.
(2) scars and amyloids were identified: the former collagen fiber was positive for dyeing and the latter was negative.
(3) Identification of abnormal proliferation of bone fiber and bone fibrosis: the use of collagen fiber dyeing can be more easily observed the former collagen fiber disorder, crisscrossing, the latter more rule.
, mesh fiber dyeing . Mesh fibers are very thin and short fibers, when a large number of accumulations form a dense mesh, so it is called mesh fibers. There are few mesh fibers in loose tissue, which are more distributed at the junction of connective tissue and other tissues, such as in the substage at the junction of epithirstic tissue and connective tissue, around capillaries and hematosis organs,
endocrine
glandular clusters and endocrine glands around the adenosome, etc. are rich in mesh fibers.
the change of the mesh fiber reflects the different processes of disease occurrence and development, and is of great significance to the diagnosis of disease. The number, weight, looseness or fracture of mesh fibers are all important indicators of pathological testing, especially in clinical pathological diagnosis, according to their presence and distribution to identify cancer and sarcoma. On HE staining specimens, mesh fibers are not easily colored. Therefore, the tissue chemical dyeing of mesh fibers occupies a very important position in clinical pathology diagnosis.
Application:
(1) Identification of cancer and sarcoma: Under mesh fiber staining can clearly show that each cell of sarcoma is surrounded by mesh fibers, or like a cluster or nest-like tumor tissue, but there are still broken mesh fibers in the nest, the cancer is shown as obvious nest or rope, no mesh fibers in the nest.
(2) identification of the bone substate with concentrated secretions, plasma or edema: the bone substitut contains mesh fibers, which do not.
(3) Identification of inflammatory cells and cancer cells: in bronchitis biopsies sometimes squeeze heavier, some deeply infected cells are squeezed into groups, it is difficult to determine whether it is squeezed inflammatory cells. This case of mesh fiber is conducive to identification, inflammatory cells do not nest, small cell carcinoma may have a nest-like or rope-like structure.
(4) Identification of necrosis and posthumous self-solubility: whether the pancreas is necrosis or posthumous self-solubility is sometimes difficult to identify, dyed mesh fibers, the former mesh fiber
stent
damage is more serious, the structure collapses, and although the latter self-dissolving after death is serious, but the mesh fiber stent structure can often be preserved.
(5) Identification of hemangiomas: Sometimes the conventional staining of endoblastoma and cytoblastoma around blood vessels is more difficult to identify, mesh fiber staining, can show clear vascular structure, to see the relationship between tumor cells and blood vessels is conducive to identification. Endoblast cellular tumors, tumors are located in the mesh stent of the vascular wall, while exocytes are arranged around or radiatively arranged around the wall of the blood vessel.
(6) identification of hepatic cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis hepatic cell fragmentation necrosis or fibrosis:
a. Chronic active hepatitis necrosis stove is sometimes more difficult to identify, mesh fibers show local mesh stent damage and disintegration, combined with HE
slices
easier to judge small stove-like necrosis.
b. Mild fibrosis of chronic active hepatitis is easier to judge under mesh fiber staining.
c. Chronic bruising liver hardening is sometimes difficult to judge, and mesh fibers are easier to observe the growth of mesh fibers in the central veins and the vein channels under the small leaves. The growth is more obvious, there is the phenomenon of anti-enveloping, the formation of false leaf structure, can be diagnosed with bruising liver hardness.
(7) Diagnosis of atrophy gastritis: whether or not the atrophy of the he-stained gastric mucous membrane is more difficult to judge, mesh fiber staining can clearly show the normal structure of the gastric mucous membrane damage, interstitromic fiber growth, help the diagnosis of gastric mucous membrane atrophy.
(8) is helpful to the diagnosis of cancer immersion, whether some epithelyl tumors early breakthrough substrate membrane formation immersion, HE staining is difficult to diagnose, and mesh fiber staining can more clearly show the substrate membrane, it is easier to determine whether the substrate membrane has early immersion damage phenomenon.
(9) Identification of primary and metastatic tumors in the brain: the vast majority of tumor mesh fibers in the brain are very small, only a small number of mesh fibers around blood vessels, and metastatic cancer and sarcoma have obvious mesh fibers, so it is conducive to identification.
(10) identification of non-cheese TB and nodding disease: the latter in and around the nod early appearance of distinct mesh fibers, observation is conducive to the identification of the two.
(11) Lymph node lesions:
a. Benign fig-reactive growth and fig-type lymphoma identification, after dyeing mesh fibers show: the latter filter between the mesh fibers reduced and there is a squeeze phenomenon, the former mesh fiber increased and more disordered.
b. Judge the normal structure of lymph nodes: Sometimes HE slices are difficult to determine whether the normal structure is complete, dyeing mesh fibers. The structure of the cortology and sinuses is clearer, and more difficult to identify if it is inflammation or tumor damage. .