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X-ray spectrometers are mainly composed of excitation and detection systems, and the instruments are roughly divided into wavelength dispersion type and energy dispersion type
.
The wavelength dispersive type is to diffract characteristic X-rays of different energies to different angles by the dispersive element, and the detector needs to be moved to the corresponding position to detect a certain energy ray; while the energy dispersive type, without the dispersion system, is resolved by the energy of the detector itself The ability to distinguish the detected X-rays
1.
Principle X-ray fluorescence uses X-rays as an excitation method to irradiate a substance.
The X-rays interact with the elements that make up the substance to produce secondary X-rays of specific wavelengths
.
The wavelength of X-ray fluorescence depends on the atomic number of the atoms in the substance, and the intensity of the spectrum is closely related to the content of the element
2.
(1) The number of X-ray lines is small, and the interference is small
(2) It is not necessary to carry out a complicated separation process for the determination of elements with similar chemical properties
(3) Non-destructive analysis, the sample does not change when it is measured, and the measurement can be repeated many times
(4) The sample has various forms, including powder, solid and liquid, and has nothing to do with the chemical state
(5) The analysis speed is fast, and the measurement time is only 1 to 5 minutes
(6) The precision and sensitivity are high, the relative error is 1% to 5%, and the sensitivity is 10 -6 orders of magnitude
(7) It has a wide range of applications and can measure 26 elements at the same time
(8) The intensity of X-ray fluorescence is affected by the absorption effect of the matrix, which affects the results of quantitative analysis
(9) The detection accuracy of non-metals and elements bordering between metals and non-metals is poor
(10) The structure of the instrument is complicated and the price is expensive
3.
At present, there are few standard methods of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in element determination, and they are mainly used in the detection of chemical products, such as "Determination of the element content of inorganic chemical products X-ray fluorescence spectrometry" (GB/T30905), but X-ray fluorescence There are many related studies on element analysis by spectroscopy, including the analysis of multiple elements in soil and geological samples, and good results have been achieved
.
Related links: Problems and solutions in the determination of lead, cadmium, copper and copper by atomic absorption spectrometry
