ATA International Conference: Thyroid-related "radioiodine therapy" may cause cancer concerns

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.

Introduction: A research report published at the annual meeting of the American Thyroid Association in 2021 showed that compared with young people who did not receive radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), young people who received RAI had a 92% increase in the risk of leukemia and solid malignant tumors.
The risk increased by 23%
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 The researchers analyzed 9 US surveillance, epidemiology, and final outcome cancer registry data (1975-2017), aiming to evaluate RAI treatment in patients diagnosed with non-metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) before the age of 45.
The RR value of solid malignant tumor/hematopoietic system malignant tumor events (Poisson regression analysis was performed on 27,050 5-year survivors and 32,171 2-year survivors, respectively)
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 RAI treatment is closely related to increased cancer risk.
During the longest 43-year follow-up period, researchers observed that RAI treatment was significantly associated with a 23% increase in the risk of solid cancer (RR=1.
23, 95%CI 1.
11-1.
37), especially when DTC was diagnosed In patients more than 20 years later (RR=1.
47, 95%CI 1.
24-1.
74)
.

 Researchers also observed a similar pattern in breast cancer (the second most common cancer), with an overall risk increase of 18% (RR1.
18 95% CI 0.
99-1.
4), and a 46% increase in risk for patients treated with RAI for more than 20 years (RR 1.
46, 95%CI 1.
1-1.
95)
.

In addition, the risk of uterine cancer (RR=1.
55, 95%CI 1.
03-2.
32) and leukemia (RR=1.
92, 95%CI 1.
04-3.
56) also increased
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 Researchers estimate that between 1975 and 2017, 6% of solid malignancies and 14% of hematological malignancies among children and young adult DTC survivors treated with RAI for at least 1 year may be attributable to RAI
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 Research Implications "Previous research has always linked radioactive iodine treatment of thyroid cancer to the increased risk of leukemia after about 2 years of exposure
.
It
is more difficult to quantify the risk of solid cancer after radioactive iodine treatment, and relevant research results are inconsistent
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We learned from radiation It is known in the literature on epidemiology and radiobiology that the impact of radiation on the development of solid cancer is difficult to observe for at least 5 to 10 years
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In addition, some surprises are that people are concerned about the second type of cancer in young patients with thyroid cancer.
Risk attention is limited, although young people are more susceptible to the long-term effects of radiation
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” said the lead author of the study, Dr.
Elisa Pasqual, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics at NCI
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Dr.
Elisa Pasqual "Our findings reinforce the notion that the risk/benefit balance of differentiated thyroid cancer patients should be considered before deciding on radioiodine therapy
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Compared with the elderly, young patients are more susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation
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This is especially important for young patients and patients diagnosed with a low risk of recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer
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Future research should focus on determining whether the risk of a second cancer after radioactive iodine treatment is dose-dependent.
If radioactive iodine is used to treat the thyroid Cancer does increase the risk of a second primary malignant tumor, so we expect higher doses to produce a higher risk
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" National Cancer Institute Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Radiation Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, United States Dr.
Cari Kitahara, senior researcher of the branch, talked about
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Dr.
Cari Kitahara source: Regina Schaffer.
Increased cancer risk observed decades after radioactive iodine treatment[EB/OL].
[2021-10-25].
https:// cancer-risk-observed-decades-after-radioactive-iodine-treatment.