Autoclave for laboratory (1)

The high-pressure sign in the hydrogenation laboratory is the same as the hydrogenation instrument.

(1) Basic structure and basic principles

An autoclave system (Figure 22-27) consists of two parts: the autoclave (Figure 22-28) and the controller (Figure 22-29)

Figure 22-27 Autoclave system

Figure 22-28 Autoclave

Figure 22-29 Controller

1.

The autoclave part is composed of a kettle body, a kettle cover, a connecting flange, a magnetic stirrer, a heater, a valve, a cooling coil, a safety blasting valve, a pressure gauge, a controller and other components

(1) The reaction vessel is composed of a kettle body and a kettle cover, and is made of 316L stainless steel (00Cr17Ni14Mo2), 304 stainless steel (0Cr18Ni9), 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel or Hastelloy

Hastelloy has excellent corrosion resistance in various reducing or oxidizing media.

In order to adapt to the high-temperature and high-pressure operating environment, the sealing surface between the kettle body and the kettle cover, the magnetic coupler and the kettle cover, etc.

(2) Connecting flange: The flange material is 35CrMo, and the kettle body is connected with the flange by thread.

(3) Magnetic stirrer: The outer magnetic steel body is driven to rotate by the motor, and the outer magnetic steel body drives the inner magnetic steel body, the stirring shaft and the stirring blade to rotate through the magnetic force lines, so as to achieve the purpose of stirring

(4) Heater: The reaction kettle is heated by an electric heater, which has the characteristics of uniform heat conduction effect, fast heating speed and long service life.

(5) Stirring ports, temperature measuring ports, air inlets, exhaust ports, pressure gauge safety blasting valve ports, etc.

(6) The inlet and exhaust ports are equipped with needle valves, which are opened on the side of the lid of the kettle, and can be ventilated, exhausted and vacuumed through this valve

(7) Cold cloud coil system: There are water inlets and water outlets on the side of the kettle cover.

(8) The temperature measuring port is equipped with a protective tube to place a temperature measuring platinum resistor with meters

(9) Pressure gauge: The pressure gauge and the safety blasting valve share the same port, and the pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure in the kettle
.

(10) Safety blasting valve: Install a safety blasting valve at the safety blasting valve port, which is a pressure relief safety device composed of a rupture disc and a pressure ring assembly
.
When the pressure difference inside the rupture disc reaches a predetermined pressure value at a predetermined temperature, the rupture disc can burst to release the pressure medium
.

2.
Controller part

(1) The shell panel is equipped with two temperature digital display meters, heating voltmeter, motor ammeter, tachometer, working time display meter, adjusting knob and control switch to control the temperature in the kettle and jacket, for operation
.

(2) The electronic components of the stirring control circuit are assembled on a circuit board, using a double closed-loop control system, which has the characteristics of high speed regulation accuracy, stable speed, anti-interference, etc.
, and has perfect protection functions such as limiting overspeed and overcurrent.
Adjusting the "speed control" knob can change the DC voltage of the DC motor, thereby changing the speed of the motor and achieving the purpose of controlling the stirring speed
.

(3) The heating circuit adopts solid-state relay (commonly known as voltage regulating block) to adjust the voltage, which makes the heating circuit simple.
Just adjust the Display the meter, so that the heating temperature can be adjusted at will according to the requirements of the process, and the precision of the temperature control is extremely high
.

(4) All external leads are led out from the terminal block in the controller through the waterproof connector from the rear panel
.

3.
Basic principles

The stirring of the autoclave is driven by magnetic force, and a transmission device that uses permanent magnet materials for coupling transmission, which converts the traditional mechanical seal and packing seal that uses a shaft sleeve or packing to seal the dynamic seal structure of the stirring shaft into a static seal structure.
Speed ​​display and stepless speed regulation function
.
The medium in the kettle is completely in the sealed cavity formed by the kettle body and the sealed cover body
.
It completely solves the insurmountable leakage problem caused by the dynamic seal of the packing seal and the mechanical seal, so that the reaction medium is absolutely free of any leakage or pollution
.

The heating of the autoclave is heated by a heater, the heating power is adjustable, and the temperature is controlled by an automatic temperature regulator, which can achieve the purpose of automatic constant temperature, and the temperature control accuracy is ±1℃
.