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13, 2021 // -- Scientists urgently need to improve traditional treatments for people with HIV-1 infections, and in a recent study published in the international journal Autophagy, scientists from institutions such as France's National Centre for Labor Safety and Research developed a new treatment to restore the effectiveness of immune cells.
Many people infected with HIV-1 require routine antiviral therapy to control infection in the body, however these drugs often induce significant side effects and do not fully restore the function of the host's immune system;
researcher Professor Julien van Grevenynghe says these infections may represent an incredible model that could help us improve treatment for other infected people at the molecular level, which is why immunologists have been working to find differences between elite controllers and patients treated with conventional therapies to develop new weapons against HIV-1 infection.
researchers say the power of elite controllers comes from the energy metabolism in CD8 lymphocytes in their bodies; cells need the energy generated by mitochondrials to protect the body and function, but these energies are not used effectively by patients treated, and the cell's immune function is often impaired by abnormal metabolic regulation.
Photo Source: INRS Re-education of cellular energy deficiency is not permanent, and the researchers point out that using a soluble protein that optimizes energy intake and immune function can re-educate CD8 lymphocytes, a protein called leukokine 21 (IL-21) that restores the energy metabolism of mitochondrials through a cellular cycle (autophagy process), which is very effective for elite controllers to reduce lipid reserves through autophagy or fat breakdown.
The results of this paper are of great interest to scientists because these proteins already exist, and the existence of elite controllers is itself proof that one day they can survive infection without any therapeutic intervention.
will eventually consider terminating treatment because these cells respond better to vaccinations and more efficient treatments.
All immune protection associated with CD8 lymphocytes comes from the presence of CD4 lymphocytes, which act as commanding cells in the immune system, so the researchers wanted to study whether CD4 lymphocytes also had a metabolic advantage, and eventually they wanted to test the therapeutic effect of this therapeutic method in human-derived mouse models and even macaques.
Another benefit of this groundbreaking study is that the findings may not be limited to treatment for HIV-1, but that researchers can compare other pathological mechanisms associated with persistent inflammation, such as cancer, diabetes, and even the inflammation of the lungs associated with COVID-19.
original source: Hamza Loucif, Xavier Dagenais-Lussier, Cherifa Beji, et al. Lipophagy confers a key metabolic advantage that ensures protective CD8A T-cell responses against HIV-1, Autophagy (2021). DOI:10.1080/15548627.2021.1874134