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I believe a lot of gold powders concerned about the development of aviation engines have heard the assertion that aviation engines are bad because the materials are not good. Materials are one of the problems, but the problems are manifold. A civilian engine needs to work 30,000 hours without fault and stability, in the course of work, on the one hand, very high speed
(about 15,000 kpm), need to bear the weight of the blade itself 10,000 times centrifugal
force;
, let's take stock of the four difficulties in civil aviation engine manufacturing.
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the voyage, two experiments are essential - the bird-throwing experiment, the ice-swallowing experiment.
Bird-throwing experiment
The 2009 Landing of the Hudson River in the United States was a famous event in aviation history, when the plane malfunctioned, and it was a minute after takeoff at New York airport that both engines lost power due to a bird impact, and finally had to make an emergency landing on the Hudson River.
ton ice experiment
2
15,000 rpm, subject to a huge centrifugal force
engine blades per minute speed between 15,000 to 16,000 rpm, at this time, the centrifugal force of rotating leaves is equivalent to 10,000 times the weight of the blades. More intuitively, the centrifugal force of one blade hoe of an aeronautical engine (the part connected to the working blade and the turbine disk) is about 150kN, or about 15 tons.
3
combustion chamber temperature of more than 1800K, more than the melting point of high-temperature alloy
, the distribution of metal materials in various parts of the aircraft
civil engine combustion chamber temperature reached 1800 to 1900K, nickel-based high-temperature alloy melting point is about 1300 degrees C, also less than 1600K.
nickel-based high-temperature alloy at high temperatures than other metals, the operating temperature of the
engine blades has far exceeded the melting point of the alloy, in order to solve this problem, several major technologies can be taken.
1, cooling
early blades are mostly solid, with the progress of casting technology, blades developed into directional (single crystal) hollow free blades. The appearance of hollow air-cooled blades allows cold air to enter the cavity and cool down while reducing the weight of the blades.
mentioned above single-crystal blades, in this may wish to slightly off-topic, introduced the domestic production level of single-crystal blades. Single-chip blade is a part with many production processes (40 to 60 operations), long cycle and low pass rate in aviation parts, and its key equipment includes heat treatment furnace and single crystal furnace. The first-stage aviation heat treatment furnace in the production of blades in the furnace temperature of 1330 degrees C, the furnace any two-point temperature difference in the range of plus or minus 3 degrees C, this heat treatment furnace can not be produced in China, the supply of single crystal furnace is facing similar conditions. According to The Economic Half Hour, in 2015, Chengdu Aviation successfully broke through technical difficulties and became the first enterprise in China to meet the production standards of
sat-crystalline palladium alloy blades
the microstructure
2 of the single crystal cast turbine blades, continue to improve the alloy temperature capacity
3, thermal barrier coating
thermal barrier coating is essentially a ceramic coating, this concept was proposed in the 1950s, the 1980s technology made a major breakthrough.
Thermal barrier coating deposited on the surface of high temperature-resistant metals or superalloys, for the substrate material to play a thermal insulation effect, reduce the substrate temperature, so that the device made of it (such as engine turbine blades) can operate at high temperatures, and can improve the device (engine, etc.) thermal efficiency of more than 60%.
4
17 wind speed, the flame also needs to be stable combustion
vortex fan engine airflow control
about the manufacture of aircraft, know the user@Killer40 this statement is worth sharing.
himself is reading a Ph.D. and making cobalt-based high-temperature alloys.
science, materials science studies the relationship between composition-process-micro-organization-performance. At present, the composition of any industry is not a problem, casually buy a finished product, test, the ingredients will know.
the key is the process, that is, how people turn raw materials into finished products. This can be too difficult, an operation variable may be hundreds of kinds. Countries and even the world emphasize the use of material genes, artificial intelligence and other technologies to speed up design is because of this.
In addition, the engine is a system engineering, high temperature alloy, thermal barrier coating, large single crystal sample preparation and so on, each sub-project needs national projects to support, a school or scientific research unit simply can not be completed, the need for national level of resource integration. However, the integration of the time to say that there is intellectual property disputes, to say that the sharing of materials research and development results is basically impossible, or the need for policies.
@Killer40
information
, Tencent video, know-how @Killer40 and
.