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Tracking cell lineage history is key to answering fundamental questions in biology, and you can learn a lot about development, aging, and diseaseRecently, scientists at Boston Children's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Stem Cell Research Program at Harvard Medical School have developed a new technology, CRISPR Array Repair Genealogy Tracking (CARLIN), or "bar code" technologyUsing crispR gene-editing technology to transform mouse cell lines, CARLIN was able to track the history of single-cell genealogy and gene expression in mice, the study was published in the journal CellDOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.04.048
For decades, many developmental biologists have dreamed of a way to reconstruct each cell lineage cell by cell as the embryo develops or tissues builds up -- tracking its entire development from embryo to adult, revealing how the "family" of each parent-to-generation cell has been turned off over timepreviously, scientists could only use dyes or fluorescent markers to track a small group of cells in miceThe use of molecular labels or barcode barcodes has also been reported, but known information about tags is required to distinguish between different cell types, as well as time-consuming and laborious cell extraction and manipulation, which may affect their propertiesThe advent of CRISPR technology allows researchers to barcode cells without affecting them and to track the lineages of thousands of cells at the same timenow, using CARLIN's method, researchers have designed a mouse model that can generate transcriptional identification barcodes at any point in mouse development or adulthood in an induced manner -- up to 44,000 barcodes that can be compatible with sequencing barcode codes and have a full genetic definitionUsing single-cell RNA sequencing, you can capture the gene expression patterns of each bar code-labeled cell, and then you can get information about the type and function of that cellas a test case, the researchers used a new system to reveal unknown aspects of blood development during embryonic development and to observe the dynamics of blood supplementation after chemotherapy in adult miceThe researchers believe their system could also be used to understand changes in cell lineage trees during disease and agingIn addition, the system can be used to record responses to environmental stimuli, such as pathogen exposure and nutritional intakeIn general, the ability to create single-cell genealogy maps of mammalian tissue is a milestone, and in addition to its use in many applications of developmental biology, the model will provide important insights into the types and hierarchies of cells affected by the response of organisms to injuries and diseases(original title: Cell: "Barcode" and CRISPR, which tracks single-cell genealogy history and gene expression spectrum)