Biol Psychiatry: Why is moderate drinking so difficult for some people?

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) a clinical feature of persistent drinking, in the United States, 1400 million adults and (AUD) to fight - called alcoholism
.

This disorder makes it impossible for individuals to stop drinking, even if they are aware of the potential risks to health, work, and relationships

Alcohol use disorders (AUD) a clinical feature of persistent drinking, in the United States, 1400 million adults and (AUD) to fight - called alcoholism

A study published in the journal Biological Psychiatry Biological Psychiatry further understands the brain mechanisms of compulsive drinking .
Compulsive drinking may be due to dysfunction of specific brain pathways, which usually helps to control drinking .

Many complex parts of behavior - emotions, rewards, motivation, anxiety - are regulated by the cerebral cortex, which is the outer layer of the brain and is responsible for complex processes such as decision-making
.

Unlike drugs such as cocaine, alcohol has a wide-ranging effect on the brain, which makes it much more difficult to narrow the goals of treatment

Many complex parts of behavior - emotions, rewards, motivation, anxiety - are regulated by the cerebral cortex, which is the outer layer of the brain and is responsible for complex processes such as decision-making

In order to study how the brain regulates drinking, scientists trained mice in the laboratory to press levers to obtain alcohol rewards

Mice suppressed ethanol (Etoh) self- administration

Inhibition of murine ethanol (Etoh) self -managed mouse suppressed the ethanol inhibition of murine ethanol (Etoh) (Etoh) Self- management self management Management

The researchers also used surgically implanted electrodes to measure activity in areas of the cerebral cortex
.

A group of neurons was found in the medial prefrontal cortex.

The researchers also used surgically implanted electrodes to measure activity in areas of the cerebral cortex

To study the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (Mpfc) , the research team used optogenetics, a viral engineering technique that allows them to effectively shut down precise brain pathways by shining light in the brain

Related plastic changes are in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (Vmpfc)→ nucleus accumbens (NACS) pathway
.

Related plastic changes are in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (Vmpfc)→ nucleus accumbens (NACS) pathway
.

Related plastic changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex associated plastic changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) → (vmPFC) → nucleus accumbens shell nucleus accumbens shell (of NACS) (of NACS) pathway

Despite the risk of shock, closing this line restored dependence on alcohol

 "The current treatment methods are not effective enough for AUD .

Article reference: Lindsay R.
Halladay, Adrina Kocharian, Patrick T.
Piantadosi, Michael E.
Authement, Abby G.
Lieberman, Nathen A.
Spitz, Kendall Coden, Lucas R.
Glover, Vincent D.
Costa, Veronica A.
Alvarez, Andrew Holmes.
  Prefrontal regulation of punished ethanol self-administration Prefrontal regulation of punished ethanol self-administration .
  Biological Psychiatry Biological Psychiatry , 2019; DOI:  10.
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