BMJ: The risk between total dietary, animal and plant protein intake and cause-of-all, cardiovascular disease, and cancer death.

!---- recently published a study in the leading journal BMJ that aims to assess and quantify the potential dose response between total intake of animal and plant proteins and the risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancerThe researchers conducted a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of the prospective cohort studyAs of December 2019, the researchers retrieved references to PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science, as well as the relevant articles, and selected a prospective cohort study that reported all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality risk estimates in adults over the age of 18The random effect model is used to calculate the combined effect and 95% confidence interval of the highest and lowest protein intake, and to incorporate the differences in the studyThe researchers conducted linear and nonlinear dose response analysis to assess the dose response between protein intake and mortalityThirty-two prospective cohort studies were included in the systematic evaluation and 31 were included in the meta-analysisDuring the follow-up period of 3.5 to 32 years, 113,039 of the 715,128 participants died (16,429 cases of cardiovascular disease and 22,303 cases of cancer)Total protein intake is associated with a lower risk of whole-cause death (combined effects of 0.94, 95% confidence interval of 0.89 to 0.99, I2 -58.4%, P-lt;0.001)The intake of plant proteins and the reduction of all-cause mortality (combined effect size 0.92, 95% confidence interval of 0.87 to 0.97, I2 to 57.5%, P-0.003) and cardiovascular disease mortality rate (combined risk ratio of 0.88, 95% confidence interval is 0.80 to 0.96, I2 x 63.7%, P.001 non-related cancer mortality, but not significantly related to cancer mortalityThere was no significant correlation between total protein intake and animal protein and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer mortalityThe dose reaction analysis showed a significant negative dose reaction between intake of plant proteins and total cause mortality (non-linear, P-0.05)Getting 3% extra energy per day from plant proteins reduces the risk of total death by 5%It can be seen that higher total protein intake is associated with a lower risk of all-cause death, while plant protein intake can reduce the mortality rate of whole causes and cardiovascular diseasesReplacing foods with high levels of animal protein with plant protein sources may extend life