-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
- Cosmetic Ingredient
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
According to statistics from the International Association for Cancer Research, approximately 685,000 people worldwide will die of breast cancer in 2020.
According to statistics from the International Association for Cancer Research, approximately 685,000 people worldwide will die of breast cancer in 2020.
However, what is gratifying is that from 2007 to 2016, the mortality rate of breast cancer has been decreasing at a rate of 1.
The landscape of breast cancer antibody therapy
The antibodies currently approved or in clinical use for the treatment of breast cancer can be divided into three categories:
1) Naked antibodies targeting tumor surface antigens
Naked antibodies targeting tumor surface antigensThis type of antibody mainly blocks tumor cell growth related signal pathways by binding to HER2 or other antigens on the tumor surface, thereby inhibiting tumor growth, or killing tumor cells through antibody-mediated ADCC and other effects;
2) Antibody conjugated drugs
2) Antibody conjugated drugsThis type of antibody also targets the antigen on the surface of tumor cells, but the antibody is coupled with small molecule toxicants or radiopharmaceuticals.
3) Immune checkpoint inhibitory antibodies represented by PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies
3) Immune checkpoint inhibitory antibodies represented by PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodiesThese antibodies inhibit the inhibitory PD-1 or PD-L1 of the immune system, and then stimulate the immune response of the body's immune system, and ultimately kill or inhibit tumor cells through the immune system
Single/dual antibodies in breast cancer treatment
Single/dual antibodies in breast cancer treatmentTargeting HER2
HER2 is expressed in 15-20% of breast cancer patients, so this target is an ideal target for breast cancer treatment.
HER2
At the same time, there are currently several antibodies against HER2 under clinical evaluation, such as Margetuximab, MCLA128 and ZW25
Margetuximab
MargetuximabMargetuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the fourth domain of HER2.
MCLA128
MCLA128MCLA 128 is a bispecific antibody targeting HER2 and HER3.
ZW25
ZW25ZW25 is a bispecific antibody developed based on Zymeworks' AzymetricTM platform.
Antibodies that target other antigens
In addition to the HER2 target, there are other targets currently under development for the treatment of breast cancer, such as VEGF, PRLR (prolactin receptor), Pobo1 receptor and so on
Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF.
Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting VEGF
LFA102: is a humanized monoclonal antibody to PRLR , which mainly binds to the extramembrane domain of prolactin receptor
LFA102: is a humanized monoclonal antibody to PRLR
R5 is a monoclonal antibody targeting Robol receptor
R5 is a monoclonal antibody targeting Robo1 receptor
ADC treatment of breast cancer
ADC treatment of breast cancerCompared with naked antibodies, the ADC field has more targets for the treatment of breast cancer
In addition to HER2, there are glycoprotein non-metastatic, trophoblast cell surface antigen, CA6 (sialylated MUC1), LIV-1 (a multiple transmembrane protein), PTK7 (Protein tyrosine kinase 7), LAMP-1 (lysosomal surface-associated protein), P-cadherin (a cell membrane surface glycoprotein) and ephrinA4 (a member of the PTKs family)
At present, two ADC drugs targeting HER2 have been approved by the FDA-TDM-1 and DS-8201a
.
.
TDM-1
It is trastuzumab, the small molecule cytotoxin DM1 is a microtubule inhibitor
.
TDM1 targets the fourth domain of the HER2 receptor, and through receptor-mediated internalization and subsequent lysosomal degradation, results in the release of cytotoxic catabolites containing DM1 in cells
.
The combination of DM1 and tubulin destroys the intracellular microtubule network, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death
.
In 2013, the FDA approved TDM1 for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who had previously received trastuzumab and taxane alone or in combination; in 2019, the FDA approved TDM1 for the treatment of taxane and trastuzumab Adjuvant treatment for HER2-positive early breast cancer patients with residual aggressive disease after anti-neoadjuvant therapy
.
MEDI-4276, XMT-1522 and ARX788, similar to TDM1, are ADC drugs that target HER2 and carry microtubule inhibitors, and are currently under clinical evaluation
.
It is constructed by humanized HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab coupled to a new topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin derivative (DX-8951 derivative DXd) via a peptide-based linker
.
It binds to HER2 on the surface of tumor cells through trastuzumab, enters tumor cells through HER2-mediated endocytosis, and is phagocytosed by intracellular lysosomes
.
Subsequently, the lysosomal enzyme cleaves the polypeptide linker, releases the loaded DXd, inhibits the activity of topoisomerase I, and then induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis, and exerts an effective anti-tumor effect
.
Sacituzumab govitecan
Sacituzumab govitecanIt is an ADC drug formed by coupling a humanized IgG1 antibody targeting the TROP-2 antigen and the metabolically active product SN-38 of the chemotherapy drug irinotecan (a topoisomerase I inhibitor).
It will be released on April 2020.
Approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that has received at least 2 therapies in the past.
This is the first TROP-2 antibody conjugate drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast
.
TROP-2 is a cell surface glycoprotein encoded and expressed by the TACSTD2 gene.
Its expression in normal tissues is very low, and it is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors
.
It mainly promotes tumor cell growth, proliferation and metastasis by regulating calcium ion signal pathway, cyclin expression and reducing fibronectin adhesion
.
TROP2 can also interact with β-catenin in the Wnt signaling cascade, and play a role in the transcription of nuclear oncogenes and cell proliferation
.
It is an ADC drug targeting CA6 (tumor-associated glycosylation of MUC-1), consisting of a huDS6 antibody that binds to CA6 and DM4 (Maytansine-derived microtubule inhibitor)
.
In a phase I clinical trial involving 114 patients, 60% of patients in the 190 and 90 mg/m2 dose groups on the first and eighth days had tumor regression; at 150 and 120 mg/m2 doses In the biweekly administration group, 35% of patients experienced tumor regression
.
In addition to the ADC drugs introduced above, there are currently many ADC drugs targeting different targets of breast cancer in clinical trials, which will not be described in detail here
.
See the table below for specific information .
PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies in the treatment of breast cancer
PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies in the treatment of breast cancerPD-1 (CD279) is a member of the CD28 family, which mainly plays an immunosuppressive role and plays an important role in the immune escape of tumor cells
.
PD-1 is expressed on a variety of immune cells, including NKT cells, B cells and DC cells
.
The interaction of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 (CD274/B7-H1) can inhibit the proliferation and survival of T lymphocytes, and can promote the programmed death of T cells in the tumor microenvironment
.
Factors inhibiting PD-1 or PD-L1 can effectively stimulate the body's immune response and inhibit or kill tumor cells through the immune system
.
At present, a number of PD-1 and PD-L1 related antibodies have been approved for marketing, and they have also achieved good efficacy in different indications.
Their research progress and efficacy in breast cancer are shown in the following table
.
Summarize
Summary summaryThe development of antibody technology has brought great success to the treatment of breast cancer
.
At present, there are mainly three types of antibody-related drugs that are being clinically explored for the treatment of breast cancer .
-
The first category is antibodies targeting tumor surface antigens, including monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab that have been approved for marketing, and bispecific antibodies such as MCLA128 and targets targeting Her2 and Her3.
ZW25 to a different domain of Her2; -
The second category is ADC drugs that target tumor cell surface antigens.
At present, three ADC drugs have been approved for the treatment of breast cancer, two of which target Her2 (TDM-1 and DS-8201a), and one targets TROP- 2 (Sacituzumabgovitecan), and there are many ADC drugs targeting other targets under clinical evaluation, such as CA6, LIV-1, PTK7, LAMP-1, P-cadherin and ephrin A4; -
The third type is an antibody that activates the body's immune system, PD-1 or PD-L1.
These antibodies use immune-related cells to kill tumor cells by activating the immune system
.
The first category is antibodies targeting tumor surface antigens, including monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab that have been approved for marketing, and bispecific antibodies such as MCLA128 and targets targeting Her2 and Her3.
ZW25 to a different domain of Her2;
The first category is antibodies targeting tumor surface antigens, including monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab that have been approved for marketing, and bispecific antibodies such as MCLA128 and targets targeting Her2 and Her3.
ZW25 to a different domain of Her2;
The second category is ADC drugs that target tumor cell surface antigens.
At present, three ADC drugs have been approved for the treatment of breast cancer, two of which target Her2 (TDM-1 and DS-8201a), and one targets TROP- 2 (Sacituzumabgovitecan), and there are many ADC drugs targeting other targets under clinical evaluation, such as CA6, LIV-1, PTK7, LAMP-1, P-cadherin and ephrin A4;
The second category is ADC drugs that target tumor cell surface antigens.
At present, three ADC drugs have been approved for the treatment of breast cancer, two of which target Her2 (TDM-1 and DS-8201a), and one targets TROP- 2 (Sacituzumabgovitecan), and there are many ADC drugs targeting other targets under clinical evaluation, such as CA6, LIV-1, PTK7, LAMP-1, P-cadherin and ephrin A4;
The third type is an antibody that activates the body's immune system, PD-1 or PD-L1.
These antibodies use immune-related cells to kill tumor cells by activating the immune system
.
The third type is an antibody that activates the body's immune system, PD-1 or PD-L1.
These antibodies use immune-related cells to kill tumor cells by activating the immune system
.
Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned antibody monotherapy for breast cancer, there are currently a variety of combinations of drugs being explored, including the combination therapy of trastuzumab and pertuzumab with small molecule drugs, PD-1 antibody and Combination therapy of paclitaxel and other drugs
.
Therefore, the treatment of antibodies in the field of breast cancer can be described as a hundred flowers blooming! We also hope that more and more treatment options will come out to bring good news to breast cancer patients!
references
References References1.
Maryam Eini, Nahid Zainodini, Hamed Montazeri et al.
A Review of Therapeutic Antibodies in Breast Cancer.
J Pharm Pharm 2021
Maryam Eini, Nahid Zainodini, Hamed Montazeri et al.
A Review of Therapeutic Antibodies in Breast Cancer.
J Pharm Pharm 2021
2.
Aiko Nagayama, Neelima Vidula, Leif Ellisen et al.
Novelantibody--drug conjugates for triplenegative breast cancer.
Therapeutic Advances inMedical Oncology 2020
Aiko Nagayama, Neelima Vidula, Leif Ellisen et al.
Novelantibody--drug conjugates for triplenegative breast cancer.
Therapeutic Advances inMedical Oncology 2020
3.
Clinicaltrials.
gov
Clinicaltrials.
gov
4.
Keun-Wook Lee, Young-Hyuck Im, Keun Seok Lee et al.
Zanidatamab, an anti-HER2 bispecific antibody, plus chemotherapy with/withouttislelizumab as first-line treatment for patients with advanced HER2-positivebreast cancer or gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: A Phase 1B/2trial-in-progress.
ASCO 2021
Keun-Wook Lee, Young-Hyuck Im, Keun Seok Lee et al.
Zanidatamab, an anti-HER2 bispecific antibody, plus chemotherapy with/withouttislelizumab as first-line treatment for patients with advanced HER2-positivebreast cancer or gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: A Phase 1B/2trial-in-progress.
ASCO 2021
5.
Hui Ding, Garrett W Buzzard, Sisi Huang et al.
MICA-G129R: A bifunctional fusion protein increases PRLR-positive breastcancer cell death in co-culture with natural killer cells.
PLoS One 2021
Hui Ding, Garrett W Buzzard, Sisi Huang et al.
MICA-G129R: A bifunctional fusion protein increases PRLR-positive breastcancer cell death in co-culture with natural killer cells.
PLoS One 2021
6.
Yusuke Ogitani, Tetsuo Aida, Katsunobu Hagihara et al.
DS-8201a, A Novel HER2-Targeting ADC with a Novel DNA Topoisomerase IInhibitor, Demonstrates a Promising Antitumor Efficacy with Differentiation from T-DM1.
ClinCancer Res 2016
Yusuke Ogitani, Tetsuo Aida, Katsunobu Hagihara et al.
DS-8201a, A Novel HER2-Targeting ADC with a Novel DNA Topoisomerase IInhibitor, Demonstrates a Promising Antitumor Efficacy with Differentiation from T-DM1.
ClinCancer Res 2016
Leave a message here
