Brown fat makes healthy 'fat people' as evidenced by large study to date

Genengnews has long been misunderstood as harmful to health, but the relationship between fat and health is not simple.
many different types of fat, including white, beige and brown fat, but not all of them mean a thick waistline and obesity.
white fat cells have large fat droplets, surrounded by a little cytosin, and the nucleation of the cells is dispersed.
brown fat cells have a multi-angled appearance, with several small fat droplets, concentrated nucleations, and clear cytostes around them.
beige fat cells are located in white adipose tissue, similar to white fat cells, with a certain stimulation can obtain brown fat-like esopid Browning of white adipose tissue: unlike the white fat that stores calories, brown fat is rich in mitochondrials, can burn lipids, when our body temperature drops, responsible for converting chemical energy into heat.
scientists had hoped to use it to treat obesity.
But because brown fat tends to be deep in the body and difficult to study, little has been known about the environmental and genetic factors that affect brown fat or its function, and its significance for human health remains a mystery.
with better imaging techniques, scientists are exploring the possible role of brown fat in reducing disease.
2009, a series of smaller studies confirmed the presence of active brown fat in adults, usually in the neck and shoulders.
associated with lower body mass index (BMI), younger age, cooler outdoor temperatures, female sex and decreased glucose levels.
previously, scientists had focused only on newborns and animals.
On January 4th researchers at Rockefeller University in the United States published in Nature medicine, the largest study ever published on the relationship between brown fat and health in humans, providing strong evidence that brown fat was more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease than their peers in more than 52,000 participants.
diseases are the leading cause of human death, especially in developed countries.
researchers examined nearly 130,000 PET-CT scans of 52,487 participants who went to cancer centers and found brown fat in nearly 10 percent of individuals.
But the authors note that this figure is likely to be underestimated because brown fat activity increases when people are exposed to stimuli such as cold, exercise, or caffeine, and these participants are at risk of exposure because they have to be assessed for cancer.
study showed that more women (13.8%) than men (4.9%) were among those with brown fat.
brown fat is mainly found in the neck (81.5%) and above the collarbone (87.9%), more than around the spine (58.2%), vertical (50.1%), armpits (31.4%) and abdomen (21.1%).
brown fat sex, part distribution Brown adipose tissue is associated with cardiometabolic health. PET-CT scans showed a higher proportion of brown adipose tissue in the neck and spine of the subjects on the left, and Rockefeller University analyzed the data and found that several common and chronic diseases were lower among detectable brown fat populations.
, for example, people who detected brown fat had a 4.6 percent chance of developing type 2 diabetes, compared with 9.5 percent of those who did not.
, 18.9 percent of those who detected brown fat found abnormal cholesterol, while those without brown fat found 22.2 percent.
The presence of brown fat is independently associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, abnormal blood lipids, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure and hypertension. In addition, studies have shown that people with brown fat have a lower risk of high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and coronary heart disease.
these links have not been observed in previous studies.
and "the presence of brown fat was independently associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, abnormal blood lipids, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, and hypertension."
another surprising finding is that brown fat may indeed reduce the negative health effects of obesity.
generally, obese people have an increased risk of heart and metabolic diseases, but the researchers observed that among obese people with brown fat, the incidence of these diseases was similar to that of non-obese people.
while obesity is usually associated with reduced brown fat function, obese people who retain brown fat appear to be protected from the harmful effects of brown fat.
as if to tell us that a "fat man" with brown fat seems to be able to be a healthy "fat man".
is not clear about the actual mechanisms by which brown fat can help improve health, but there are several different hypotheses.
one of them is that perhaps the presence or amount of brown fat affects the distribution of white fat, which affects the relative content of visceral or abdominal fat (highly harmful) and subsethic fat (less harmful).
is that brown fat consumes energy and consumes glucose to burn calories, which can lower blood sugar levels, which are a major risk factor for developing diabetes.
third possibility is the endocrine function of brown fat.
know a lot about endocrine hormones such as leptin and lipids produced by white fat.
now, there is growing evidence that brown fat is also an important endocrine organ.
high blood pressure, which is closely linked to the hormone system, brown fat may control blood pressure by participating in the transmission of hormone signals to other organs.
also shown that brown fat cells can exacerbate inflammation and negative effects in stressful environments.
A study published in June 2020 by the Andrew Wang Team at Yale University School of Medicine in the United States showed that brown fat, when it receives stress signals, secretes large amounts of IL-6 in Adrb3-dependent ways, and that elevated levels of IL-6 are associated with autoimmune diseases, cancer, obesity, diabetes, depression, and anxiety.
but the study is limited to animal models and it is not known whether it can be verified in humans.
Using bleeding models to conduct IL-6 induction screening of a variety of tissues, IL-6 was found to be secreted by brown fat cells Origin and Function of Stress-Induced IL-6 in Murine Models.DOI: Therefore, it will be important to further study the biological properties of brown fat in the future and explore how brown fat participates in the body's systemic response mechanisms, which will guide how we can use brown fat to fight disease.
addition, researchers at Rockefeller University in the United States will continue to look for more possible explanations for tissue genetic variation.
you do to get more brown fat? Through exercise, cold exposure, drug stimulation, or fat transplants? There is no good answer yet.
But as recently as May 2020, a study from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States showed that Mirabegron, developed in Japan to be approved for clinical treatment of acute urinary incontinence, urinary urgency, and bladder overactivation with urinary frequency symptoms, activates brown fat.
Mirabelon is a beta-3-adrenaline-energy-estor (beta-3-AR) astrogen.
encouraging preclinical findings suggest that beta-3-AR agonists can also improve obesity-related metabolic diseases by increasing the heat production of brown adipose tissue, the breakdown of white adipose tissue, and insulin sensitivity.
the open label study, researchers treated 14 healthy women of different races (27.5±1.1 years old and BMI 25.4 ±1.2 kg/m2) for four weeks.
found that Mirabelon therapy increased brown metabolic activity and increased plasma levels of the beneficial lipoprotein biomarker HDL and lipoprotein A1, as well as total bile acid.
the WAT-derived hormone Adiponectin, which is anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory, increased in acute treatment and increased by 35 percent after the study was completed.
, intravenous glucose tolerance tests showed higher insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness and insulin secretion.
Mirabelon treatment on brown fat, skeletal muscle and scWAT effects Chronic mirabegron treatment increases human brown fat, HDL spite, and insulin persy. DOI: 10.1172/JCI131126 This suggests that chronic pharmacological stimulation of beta 3-adrenaline-esphedrine-like astrologists can increase the metabolic activity of brown fat in the body and support drug research to stimulate brown fat.
no doubt that in the next few years, it will be an exciting space for scientists to explore.
As the global obesity crisis worsens, it will be attractive to target brown fat as a potential therapeutic target, and future studies should look at improving understanding of brown fat and developing mechanisms to safely regulate brown fat activity, providing new possibilities for preventing and treating obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Source: Met Medical Comprehensive Report DY Source: MedSci Original Copyright Notice: All text, images and audio and video materials on this website that indicate "Source: Mets Medicine" or "Source: MedSci Original" are owned by Metz Medicine and are not authorized to be reproduced by any media, website or individual, and are authorized to be reproduced with the words "Source: Mets Medicine".
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