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Introduction There is currently no method to prevent or prevent the progression of liver cirrhosis to decompensation
.
Therefore, there is great enthusiasm for treatments related to reducing the risk of occasional cirrhosis
.
There are a large number of observational data that indicate that coffee intake is associated with a reduction in the risk of liver cirrhosis
.
However, this correlation is limited by confounding factors such as recall bias, healthy subject bias, and selection bias
.
Recently, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol (impact factor 11.
382) published a study in which American scholars evaluated the effect of coffee intake on liver fibrosis and steatosis in a nationally representative sample
.
The results showed that coffee was associated with decreased liver stiffness, but not with steatosis
.
Research methods In the 2017-2018 NHANES study, 4,510 subjects aged> 20 years old were included in transient elastography and two 24-hour diet recall examinations
.
Using 9.
5 kPa as the threshold for advanced fibrosis, the correlation between liver stiffness measurement (LSM) >9.
5 kpa or controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and coffee intake was evaluated
.
Caffeine-free coffee and tea were used as control beverages
.
For sensitivity analysis, the researchers included all beverages into one model, assessed the impact of caffeine intake, and adjusted the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and sugar-sweetened beverage intake as separate models
.
The results of the study were 48±0.
6 years old, 73% were overweight or obese, 10.
6% had diabetes, 47.
5% participated in strenuous physical activity, and 23% drank more than 2 times a day
.
1.
The study of no correlation between coffee and CAP evaluated the relationship between coffee, decaffeinated coffee and tea and CAP
.
After adjusting for multiple variables, coffee and control beverages have no correlation with CAP
.
The following factors are consistently associated with the increase in CAP: age, Hispanic and Asian ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and high school education
.
In contrast, blacks, women, and vigorous physical activity were associated with lower CAP
.
2.
Coffee intake> 3 cups is significantly associated with a decrease in LSM.
Coffee intake> 3 cups is significantly associated with a decrease in LSM, with a β coefficient of -0.
9 (95% CI -1.
6- -0.
1, p=0.
03)
.
In contrast, decaffeinated coffee and tea have no significant correlation with LSM (Table 1)
.
Table 1 The correlation between coffee, decaffeinated coffee and tea and LSM.
In addition, the following factors are associated with an increase in LSM: BMI, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and alcohol deficiency
.
In contrast, blacks and women are associated with decreased LSM
.
3.
Coffee intake> 3 cups is independently associated with a lower risk of LSM ≥ 9.
5 kPa.
Subjects with coffee or tea intake> 3 cups have a lower risk of LSM ≥ 9.
5 kPa (OR 0.
4, 95% CI 0.
2-1.
0, p=0.
05)
.
The logistic regression analysis using coffee, decaffeinated coffee and tea as covariates in the same model showed that only coffee intake> 3 cups was independently associated with the risk reduction of LSM ≥ 9.
5 kPa (OR 0.
5, 95% CI 0.
2-0.
9, p=0.
03) (Table 2)
.
Table 2 Correlation between coffee, decaffeinated coffee and tea and LSM≥9.
5 kPa Logistic regression sensitivity analysis shows that no matter how much intake, caffeine has no significant correlation with LSM
.
After adjusting the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and HEI-2015, coffee intake is still associated with lower LSM
.
Therefore, the protective effect of coffee on the liver cannot be attributed to caffeine, and this protective effect will continue regardless of the diet quality of the subjects
.
Research conclusions The results of this research show that coffee is associated with decreased liver stiffness, but not with steatosis
.
References: Niezen S, Mehta M, Jiang ZG, et al.
Coffee consumption is associated with lower liver stiffness: a nationally representative study[J].
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2021 Oct 6:S1542-3565(21)01057-0.
doi: 10.
1016/j.
cgh.
2021.
09.
042.
Contribution email: tougao@medlive.
cn
.
Therefore, there is great enthusiasm for treatments related to reducing the risk of occasional cirrhosis
.
There are a large number of observational data that indicate that coffee intake is associated with a reduction in the risk of liver cirrhosis
.
However, this correlation is limited by confounding factors such as recall bias, healthy subject bias, and selection bias
.
Recently, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol (impact factor 11.
382) published a study in which American scholars evaluated the effect of coffee intake on liver fibrosis and steatosis in a nationally representative sample
.
The results showed that coffee was associated with decreased liver stiffness, but not with steatosis
.
Research methods In the 2017-2018 NHANES study, 4,510 subjects aged> 20 years old were included in transient elastography and two 24-hour diet recall examinations
.
Using 9.
5 kPa as the threshold for advanced fibrosis, the correlation between liver stiffness measurement (LSM) >9.
5 kpa or controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and coffee intake was evaluated
.
Caffeine-free coffee and tea were used as control beverages
.
For sensitivity analysis, the researchers included all beverages into one model, assessed the impact of caffeine intake, and adjusted the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and sugar-sweetened beverage intake as separate models
.
The results of the study were 48±0.
6 years old, 73% were overweight or obese, 10.
6% had diabetes, 47.
5% participated in strenuous physical activity, and 23% drank more than 2 times a day
.
1.
The study of no correlation between coffee and CAP evaluated the relationship between coffee, decaffeinated coffee and tea and CAP
.
After adjusting for multiple variables, coffee and control beverages have no correlation with CAP
.
The following factors are consistently associated with the increase in CAP: age, Hispanic and Asian ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and high school education
.
In contrast, blacks, women, and vigorous physical activity were associated with lower CAP
.
2.
Coffee intake> 3 cups is significantly associated with a decrease in LSM.
Coffee intake> 3 cups is significantly associated with a decrease in LSM, with a β coefficient of -0.
9 (95% CI -1.
6- -0.
1, p=0.
03)
.
In contrast, decaffeinated coffee and tea have no significant correlation with LSM (Table 1)
.
Table 1 The correlation between coffee, decaffeinated coffee and tea and LSM.
In addition, the following factors are associated with an increase in LSM: BMI, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and alcohol deficiency
.
In contrast, blacks and women are associated with decreased LSM
.
3.
Coffee intake> 3 cups is independently associated with a lower risk of LSM ≥ 9.
5 kPa.
Subjects with coffee or tea intake> 3 cups have a lower risk of LSM ≥ 9.
5 kPa (OR 0.
4, 95% CI 0.
2-1.
0, p=0.
05)
.
The logistic regression analysis using coffee, decaffeinated coffee and tea as covariates in the same model showed that only coffee intake> 3 cups was independently associated with the risk reduction of LSM ≥ 9.
5 kPa (OR 0.
5, 95% CI 0.
2-0.
9, p=0.
03) (Table 2)
.
Table 2 Correlation between coffee, decaffeinated coffee and tea and LSM≥9.
5 kPa Logistic regression sensitivity analysis shows that no matter how much intake, caffeine has no significant correlation with LSM
.
After adjusting the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and HEI-2015, coffee intake is still associated with lower LSM
.
Therefore, the protective effect of coffee on the liver cannot be attributed to caffeine, and this protective effect will continue regardless of the diet quality of the subjects
.
Research conclusions The results of this research show that coffee is associated with decreased liver stiffness, but not with steatosis
.
References: Niezen S, Mehta M, Jiang ZG, et al.
Coffee consumption is associated with lower liver stiffness: a nationally representative study[J].
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2021 Oct 6:S1542-3565(21)01057-0.
doi: 10.
1016/j.
cgh.
2021.
09.
042.
Contribution email: tougao@medlive.
cn