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    Home > Medical News > Medical World News > Can the vaccine provide long-term protection from a rapid decline in the body of a patient recovering from a new crown?

    Can the vaccine provide long-term protection from a rapid decline in the body of a patient recovering from a new crown?

    • Last Update: 2020-08-26
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    In recent weeks, several candidates for new crown vaccines have published their preliminary results in animal trials and human clinical trials.
    these candidates for the new crown vaccine have shown good safety and stimulated the production of medium antibodies in animals and humans, as well as the immune response of T-cells.
    currently, several new crown candidate vaccines are in Phase 3 clinical trials, and optimistic estimates suggest that there may be candidates for New Crown Vaccines by the end of this year to obtain enough Phase 3 clinical trial data to submit an application to the FDA for listing.
    , however, several recent studies have shown that levels of medium antibodies in the blood of COVID-19 rehab patients against the new coronary virus drop significantly within 2-3 months of infection.
    has raised concerns about the protections offered by the new crown vaccine.
    If the leveling antibodies in patients infected with the new coronary virus drop significantly within 2-3 months of because of the disease, can the immune system still effectively protect people from the new corona virus infection? Can vaccines provide greater immune protection than natural infections with new corona viruses? How strong is the long-term protection of vaccines? In today's article, the Pharmaceutical Mingkangde Content Team will discuss these issues in conjunction with public information. While the decline in
    -level and antibody levels is true, it does not equate to a decline in long-term immunity to the new coronary virus last week, and a small study published last week in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that anti-new coronary virus antibodies in patients with new coronary mild illness dropped significantly within two and a half months of the patient's recovery.
    Previously, the results published by the Chongqing Medical University team at Nature Medicine also showed that 81.1 percent of patients tested in the study showed a decrease in levels of median antibodies in asymptomatic infections eight weeks after discharge, and 62.2 percent of patients with symptomasis had decreased levels of antibodies.
    , does a rapid decline in levels of the medium antibody after a natural viral infection mean that a new crown virus vaccine does not provide long-term protection? To answer this question, start with the body's immune system's response to the vaccine.
    vaccination, the body's immune system produces a congenital and adaptive immune response to the vaccine.
    adaptive immune response includes the immune response of B and T cells.
    the immune response of B cells produces antibodies against viral antigens, which, by combining with viral antigens, prevent viral infection of cells, which is what we usually call a synthesized antibody.
    the immune response of T-cells can help destroy viruses and infected cells and help produce more efficiently to normalized antibodies.
    importantly, after the immune response removes the virus, some of the B and T cells that have identified the virus antigen will remain in the body's bone marrow.
    these cells are called memory B cells and T cells.
    they "remember" what the invading new crown virus "looks like", so the next time the new crown virus invades again, it can be activated quickly, producing a large number of antibodies and activated T cells, effectively controlling the proliferation of the virus.
    therefore, the number of these memory B-cells and T-cells has a very important impact on whether the vaccine can provide long-term protection.
    the process of producing memory B cells (Photo source: Resources: 4) So even if the level of the medium antibody drops rapidly in COVID-19 patients recovering, it does not mean that they have lost immunity to infection with the new coronary virus.
    memory B and T cells in their bodies may play a protective role in the next new coronary virus invasion.
    number of memory B and T cells is closely related to the strength of the virus/vaccine-triggered immune response, and the vaccine developed by scientists has several advantages over natural viruses in stimulating the immune response. compared with natural viruses, the
    vaccine has the advantage of stimulating the immune response of natural virus infection and vaccination stimulates the human immune response in the same mode, both by stimulating the human body's innate immune response and adaptive immune response, the production of neutralized antibodies and T cells to identify the virus, to eliminate the virus and virus infection cells.
    , however, the vaccine developed by scientists has many advantages in stimulating the immune response compared to natural viral infections.
    virus in order to infect human cells, in the natural evolution of the evolution of a set of inhibition or interference with the immune system response mechanism.
    , viruses that invade the body need to escape or suppress the body's immune response in order to effectively infect cells and replicate in large numbers.
    , flu viruses and HIV viruses can quickly mutate to evade the immune system.
    herpes virus releases proteins that capture and insulat antibodies.
    has yet to gain these abilities against the immune system, but studies have shown that it also carries genes that inhibit the body's innitive immune response.
    , natural viral infections may not be the most effective way to stimulate the body's immune response.
    artificially designed vaccine removes factors from natural viruses that interfere with the body's immune response and focuses on expressing the proteins that are most likely to stimulate the body's immune response and most likely prevent the virus from infecting cells. More than
    new crown vaccine research and development projects have focused on the new crown virus's puncture protein, because it is not only the new crown virus infected cells "knocking brick", but also the surface of the new crown virus is more likely to stimulate the body's immune response protein.
    , artificially designed vaccines can enhance the body's response to vaccines by adjusting the dose and number of doses, as well as adding adjuvants to the vaccine to improve the immune response.
    in the process of natural infection of the virus, the body's immune response to the virus basically depends on the infection and proliferation process of the virus itself.
    , artificially designed virus vaccines can achieve better immunity than natural viral infections.
    human papillomavirus (HPV) as an example, natural infection with HPV virus can lead to chronic infection of HPV, which is why it causes HPV-related cancers.
    however, HPV vaccines developed using HPV antigens can stimulate an immune response that is much stronger than natural infections, resulting in them being able to prevent HPV infection almost 100%.
    the long-term protective effects of a candidate new crown vaccine, is there any evidence that the current candidate new crown vaccine can provide long-term protection against the new crown virus? With Phase 3 clinical trials of the current candidates for the new coronary virus vaccine just beginning, researchers do not yet have long-term human trial data to prove long-term protection in them.
    , however, a recent study in macaques may provide us with some clues.
    the study, published on preprinted site bioRxiv, explores the performance of a COVID-19 DNA vaccine in non-human primate COVID-19 models.
    the researchers took four weeks apart to vaccinate the macaques with two doses of the new crown candidate vaccine, and then poisoned the animals after 13 weeks (about three months) of the second dose.
    study differs from other drug studies in that other drug-fighting studies are conducted within 4-6 weeks of the last dose of the vaccine.
    the vaccine-triggered immune response is still at its peak.
    The initial antibody and T-cell immune response triggered by the vaccine has declined by the time the attack is carried out 13 weeks after vaccination, so this attack test is more likely to detect immune responses mediated by memory T-cells and B-cells.
    results showed that in animals attacked by the new coronary virus, animals that had been vaccinated against the new coronary virus produced a strong medium antibody response and T-cell response against the new crown virus protrusion protein.
    these immune responses showed that memory T- and B-cells stimulated after vaccination were still able to trigger a strong immune response to the new coronary virus 13 weeks after vaccination.
    although this is only a preliminary result of animal trials of a candidate vaccine, it bodes well for exploring the durability of the protection of the candidate new crown vaccine.
    animals vaccinated against ino-4800 produced a strong T-cell response after receiving the virus (Photo source: Resources) The results of this animal experiment also need to be validated in animal trials of other vaccine candidates, as well as in human clinical trials.
    And the results of this experiment also show that the immune response produced by memory B and T cells after poisoning can remove the new corona virus from the upper and lower respiratory tracts more quickly, but it does not completely prevent the new crown virus from infecting cells and replicating them in cells.
    means that the new crown vaccine may help alleviate covid-19 symptoms in patients, but may not completely stop the spread of the new coronary virus.
    so in order to control the outbreak more quickly, we need to consider how to expand the production and distribution of vaccines so that more people around the world can be protected by effective vaccines.
    : smh.com.au: smh.com.au/19-Immunity Won't Last? Don't Be. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from INOVIO's COVID-19 DNA Vaccine INO-4800 Provides Protection with Memory Immunes In Non-Human Primates Challenged with SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from Patel et al., (2020). Intradermal-delivered DNA vaccine provides anamnestic protection in a rhesus macaque SARS-CoV-2 challenge model. bioRxiv, Memory B cells. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from ▽ attention to the Public Number of WeChat.
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