Cancers (Basel): Screening leads to an overestimation of thyroid dysfunction and the relationship between thyroiditis and thyroid cancer risk

Background and purpose: The link between thyroid dysfunction and thyroid cancer is controversial
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Although some studies report that hypothyroidism increases the risk of thyroid cancer, other studies report conflicting results

Patients with hyperthyroidism have an increased risk of secondary thyroid cancer

In Study I, we analyzed cohort data from 2002 to 2015
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Patients with thyroid cancer selected 615,488,428 medical claim codes (n=5769) from 514,866 participants

Results: In Study I, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and Graves disease were positively correlated with thyroid cancer
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In Study II, after adjusting the covariates including the number of thyroid function tests, the OR value of thyroid cancer in all thyroid diseases was significantly reduced

Table 1 The odds ratio of thyroid cancer in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis, and Graves disease (95% confidence interval)

Table 1 The odds ratio of thyroid cancer in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis, and Graves disease (95% confidence interval)

Figure 1 The adjusted odds ratio of thyroid cancer in the group analysis of Study I: (A) age, gender, income and residential area, (B) hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves disease, ( C) Body mass index obesity, smoking status and frequency of drinking, and (D) CCI, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure, Figure 2
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The adjusted odds ratio of thyroid cancer in the group analysis of Study I (B), hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves disease, (C) body mass index, smoking status and frequency of alcohol consumption, and (D) CCI, total Cholesterol, SBP, Figure 2

Figure 1 The adjusted odds ratio of thyroid cancer in the group analysis of Study I: (A) age, gender, income and residential area, (B) hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves disease, ( C) Body mass index obesity, smoking status and frequency of drinking, and (D) CCI, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure, Figure 2

Figure 2 The odds ratio of thyroid cancer was adjusted in the subgroup analysis of Study II
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Subgroup analysis is based on (A) age, gender, income and residential area, (B) hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves disease, (C) obesity by body mass index, smoking status and frequency of alcohol consumption , (D) CCI, total cholesterol, SBP, DBP and fasting blood glucose

Figure 2 The odds ratio of thyroid cancer was adjusted in the subgroup analysis of Study II

In this large-scale population-based nationwide study, we confirmed that the results of thyroid disease tests led to overestimation of thyroid dysfunction and the risk of thyroiditis and thyroid cancer

Song YS, Kim KS, Kim SK,et al.

Screening Leads to Overestimated Associations of Thyroid Dysfunction and Thyroiditis with Thyroid Cancer Risk.
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