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    Home > Food News > Food Articles > Cao Wenxuan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: More than 60 years of heart-to-heart river and lake fish and water situation

    Cao Wenxuan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: More than 60 years of heart-to-heart river and lake fish and water situation

    • Last Update: 2021-03-13
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    january 1 this year, 332 aquatic biological reserves in the Yangtze River basin have been completely banned, and other key waters will be banned for 10 years from January 2021. In July this year, the
    of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a special notice on the effective work of the Yangtze River basin ban.
    this, Cao Wenxuan is very pleased: "all over the strict implementation of the 'fishing ban' requirements, it is possible to let the mother river out of the fish-free difficulties." WhenCao Wenxuan's office, you can see a variety of fish specimens, bookshelves, tables are also filled with fish-related scientific research books and documents. Hearing to interview him, Cao Wenxuan turned to take a few thick photo albums from the shelf, looked at these old photos, opened the box.
    1934, Cao Wenxuan was born in Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province, on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, where rivers are wide and water systems are numerous. The clear water in his hometown and the fish in the water make him unforgettable. After graduating from the Department of Biology of Sichuan University in 1955, Cao Wenxuan came to the
    Institute of Aquatic Biology and began a path of field research with fish.
    , the Aquatic Institute organized the Liangzi Lake Fish Ecology Survey, and I was responsible for studying two economic fish species, the group headand the triangular . Cao Wenxuan introduced thatfish in the folk commonly known as "the catfish", that is, the famous Wuchang fish.
    at that time, Liangzi Lake produced onlyabout 10% of the total fishing production. Cao Wenxuan believes thatof fish production is not high because local fishermen prey on more young fish.
    fish are tall and flat, and the young fish weighing two or three or two pounds are easily caught in large numbers by nets; At liangzihu fish ecological field workstation, Cao Wenxuan and his colleagues often light kerosene lamps, stay up late in the laboratory to observe the development of theprocess, mapping embryos. After repeated research and experimentation, he concluded that thecan be obtained through artificial reproduction and conditions for pond farming.
    April 20, 1962, Cao Wenxuan published the article "Wuchang Fish" in the 5th edition of the People's Daily, detailing the biological characteristics of Wuchang fish and the potential of artificial farming. Through the research of Cao Wenxuan and others, Wuchang fish farming has been popularized throughout the country.from 1956 to 1983, Cao Wenxuan's field survey covered 13 provinces, including Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai and Sichuan, leaving his footprints on the banks of the Yangtze, Yellow, Lancang, Rujiang and Yalu-Tibetbu rivers. Of these, he went to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alone nine times.
    " at that time field science examination, no off-road vehicles, no high-end equipment. "From Cao Wenxuan show an old photo, the reporter saw that the vehicle was a simple wooden boat and horses, the way to test is to pull up the legs of pants, free hand "fish."
    the sink in the office, there was a glassware containing fish specimens. "This is a unique cleavage fish of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with 1 row of scales on each side of its anus and hip fin base, and 1 crack in the abdominal line between the two rows of hip scales, thus being named the split belly fish." Cao Wenxuan introduced that he and his colleagues climbed snowy mountains, deep down, trekked on the deserted ice sheet, collected nearly a hundred species, tens of thousands of fish specimens, found 22 new species of fish.
    this basis, Cao Wenxuan and his colleagues gradually figured out the fish situation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and established a new classification system for cracked-belly fish sub-sections. In 1977, he first proposed in his article "The Origin and Evolution of The Cleavage Fish and Its Relationship with the Bulging of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau" that the origin and evolution of the cleavage fish are closely related to the changes in environmental conditions caused by the bulging of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the late Third Century. According to the introduction, the vertical belt of different heights, reflecting the different evolutionary stages of the cleavage fish, the higher the elevation of the bulging, the more special the fish. Thus, Cao Wenxuan reasoned that the three main trunks of the split-abdominal fish belong to the altitude of their respective cluster areas, which is generally the height reached after the sharp rise of the plateau.
    This article provides evidence for the exploration of the times, ranges and forms of the qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplind, which caused the response of the scientific community at that time, and became an important part of the
    major topic" of the rise of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its impact on the natural environment and human activities. The subject won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award.
    during his expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, he developed cataracts and had multiple operations on his eyes due to prolonged exposure to strong ultraviolet light. But he never forgot the teachings of Liu Chengxuan, a university teacher and expert on Amphibians in China: "Do biological expeditions and go to the wild." To this day, Cao Wenxuan, who is already in his late 20s, still participates in a number of scientific examinations. past, the loss of fishing and fishing has become the most critical factor affecting the survival of rare and unique fish in the Yangtze River. Cao Wenxuan said sadly.
    Yangtze River is the largest river in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 4300 kinds of aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River basin, of which more than 400 species of fish, more than 180 species of special fish. In the past 30 or 40 years, due to the influence of human activities, the white finfish, the white porpoise has been difficult to find traces, the Chinese porpoise, porpoise is also at risk, even the green, grass, slug, slug and other Yangtze River "four fish" resources have also shrunk significantly.
    2002, China has implemented a three- to four-month-a-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River, which has played a role in the protection of fishery resources. However, Cao Wenxuan believes that the Yangtze River, "four fish" sexual maturity age is generally 3-5 years. During his visit to Dongting Lake, he found that fishermen had gone fishing in the lake just after the fishing ban, and that many of the fry had been caught ashore before they could grow up. "9 cm long grass fish, 5 cm long carp ... It's all turned into a plate meal. Cao Wenxuan lamented.
    "must be banned 365 days a year for 10 consecutive years, giving fish enough time to breed." Cao Wenxuan said that fishery resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have been seriously damaged, and indiscriminate fishing is the most direct and important factor. Cao Wenxuan said that 10 consecutive years of fishing ban, "four fish" will have 2 to 3 generations of reproduction, which will not only help the Yangtze River aquatic biological resources to restore the number, but also conducive to fish-eating porpoise and other key protection animals survival and reproduction.
    river basin in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is an important area for the habitat and reproduction of rare fish in China. Since the late 1980s, Cao Wenxuan has led the
    The Chinese Institute of Aquatic Research in the Chishui River Basin. At their call, in 2005 the Chishui River Basin was incorporated into the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Unique Fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. From January 1, 2017, the Chishui River became the first first tributor of the Yangtze River to be banned from fishing for 10 years.
    , Cao Wenxuan is quite pleased that in recent years, he has seen many times the "water giant panda" porpoise appeared in the Yangtze River, playing in the water. "This shows that the water quality in some parts of the Yangtze River is gradually recovering, and the fishing ban has also worked." Cao Wenxuan said with a smile.
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