Cell Metabolism: Key metabolic path paths regulate T-cell activity

November 17, 2019 // -- Effect-regulated T-cells (eTreg cells) are a special sub-group of white blood cells that keep the immune system under control.
st Jude Children's Research Hospital have revealed the metabolic signaling mechanisms that regulate the function of eTreg cells.
work may contribute to efforts to better understand and treat inflammatory diseases.
results were published online today in the journal Cell Metabolism.
"This process fascinates us and helps explain how metabolites drive selective signaling pathways to enhance the differentiation, persistence and function of eTreg cells," said co-author Dr. Chi Hongbo.
(Photo: www.pixabay.com) Although eTreg cells are involved in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, they are harmful to other diseases, such as cancer.
understanding how metabolic signaling regulates the heterogeneity or function of Treg cells may help scientists develop more specific drugs to target these pathways to help treat diseases.
, it is not clear how metabolic pathways regulate the differentiation and persistence of eTreg cells, especially at intracellular signaling levels.
have shown that bidirectional metabolic signal conduction, which intersects T-cell-received signaling, is essential for regulating eTreg cell function.
researchers have identified a class of metabolites called isoprene, which are essential for inhibiting activity in activated Treg cells, such as eTreg cells.
isoprene is necessary for the cellular process of lipid modification after translation.
these processes are mediated by Fntb and Pggt1b, respectively.
these processes through Thereg cell-specific Fntb or Pggt1b deficiency, leading to autoimmune diseases in mice.
further study of metabolic signaling mechanisms reveals the discrete details of the downstream immunosuppression of T-cell signaling mediated by T-cells mediated by T-cells.
Fntb promotes the persistence of eTreg cells in two parallel ways: the protein kinase mTORC1, which regulates the metabolism of Treg cells, and the immune-subject ICOS.
Pggt1b enhances signaling through the small G protein Rac to support eTreg cell differentiation.
"We can study how metabolic regulation controls the differentiation and maintenance of eTreg cells, and the bidirectional interaction between in-cell signaling and metabolism enables eTreg cells to maintain self-tolerance in our bodies."
" () Source: Metabolic Signaling plays a crucial role in a courseing T cells Original source: Cell Metabolism (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.022