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Scientists know that gut microbiomes ---seal trillions of beneficial microbes that live harmoniously in our guts--- can protect people from bacterial infections, but little is known about how they can protect them.
scientists are studying the gut microbiome, looking to find or enhance natural remedies to replace antibiotics, which can harm the gut microbiome and become less effective as bacteria develop resistance.
the new study, the researchers observed that the gut microbiome, which had previously been infected and transferred to sterile mice, helped prevent infection with Kpn.
they identified a class of bacteria---δ Deltaproteobacteria --- involved in fighting these infections, and further analysis led them to determine that taurine was a trigger for the activity of δ deformed bacteria.
helps the body digest fat, which is naturally found in bile acids in the gut.
sulfide, a toxic gas, is a by-product of taurine.
the researchers believe that low levels of taurine allow pathogens to be planted in the intestines, but high levels of taurine produce enough hydrogen sulfide to prevent them from planting.
During the study, they realized that a mild infection would be enough to prepare the gut microbiome against subsequent infections, while the liver and gallbladder -- which synthesize and store bile acid containing taurine--- could form long-term infection protection.
the study found that adding taurine to mice in drinking water also prepared the gut microbiome for infection prevention.
However, when mice drank water containing bismuth subsalicylate --- a common over-the-counter drug used to treat diarrhea and stomach discomfort--- the protective effect of infection decreased because radon inhibited hydrogen sulfide production.
: 1.Apollo Stacy et al. Infection trains the host for microbiota-enhanced resistance to pathogens. Cell, 2021, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.011. 2.Scientists identify nutrient that helps prevent bacterial infection