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For breast cancer patients, if the tumor has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, the effect of standard care treatment will be greatly reduced
.
However, a research team at the Gavin Institute of Medical Research has studied a new treatment in an experimental model that may help prevent breast cancer cells from spreading
.
"By using real-time imaging technology, we were able to determine a narrow window of susceptibility to breast cancer metastasis," said Professor Paul Timpson, the head of cancer research at the Garvan Institute and the results of the study published in Cell Reports.
Senior co-author of
.
"This is the first time we have visualized Rac1.
Rac1 is a signaling molecule that makes breast cancer cells more resilient when they start moving in the body
.
We show that targeting this molecule can significantly reduce breast cancer.
Capture transfer
Nowadays, with the advancement of breast cancer treatment and diagnosis technology, 99% of patients can survive for 5 years or more if the tumor is only located in the primary site
.
However, if breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body, the survival rate will drop to 27%
"There is an urgent need for treatment for breast cancer metastasis because it has such a significant impact on the prognosis of patients," said Dr.
Max Nobis, co-senior author of the paper
.
"In our research, we studied Rac1, a signal molecule produced by normal cells to help control their shape and movement, but it can be used by cancer to drive tumor spread
.
"
Using in-vivo imaging technology developed in-house, the team observed the activity of Rac1 deep in living tumors and tracked it as breast cancer cells metastasized
.
"We found that Rac1 is most active near blood vessels or the edge of the tumor, where the cells are ready to enter the blood
.
In addition, we found that cancer cells can metastasize to different organs in clusters, where Rac1 is more active on the external surface
New ways to improve the standard of care
When the researchers performed experimental treatments on Rac1, they found that they could reduce the spread of cancer in the model by 73%
.
Dr.
Nobis said: "When we target Rac1, breast cancer cells become more vulnerable to any shear pressure they encounter in the blood, and the probability of survival during the process is greatly reduced
.
"
The author pointed out that existing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be effective for targeting Rac1 in the treatment of breast cancer
.
This therapy is currently used to treat metastatic ovarian cancer, and they have been found to target Rac1 activity and prolong patient survival
"Thanks to our imaging technology, we were able to track the time when inhibition of Rac1 was most effective in preventing the spread of cancer
.
Based on these data, we speculate that targeting Rac1 combined with chemotherapy may be the most effective in reducing the possibility of cancer metastasis and recurrence," Dr.
"The insights we have gained in our research indicate that existing treatments can be used to reduce breast cancer metastasis
.
This may speed up new methods for patients," said Professor Timpson
DOI
10.
