Cell Research: The alveolar regenerative of patients with new crown pneumonia is expected to restore lung function.

As of July 8, 2020, according to real-time statistics released by Johns Hopkins University in the United States, there have been more than 11.79 million confirmed cases worldwide, with 540,000 deathsbehind these cold, huge numbers, it took less than three monthshalf-year lying by 2020, the new coronavirus is still spreading and spreading across countries, showing no signofeeexperts expect further increases in confirmed cases and deaths in the long futurethe outbreak is not over, people have found a cruel truth: in the affected countries of Europe and the United States, more and more "rehabilitation" patients have been the after-effectsI believe everyone has seen this comparison43-year-old muscular man, the new crown pneumonia was diagnosed soon after the "skin bone."yes, the new crown can bring many sequelae, including fibrous lung, kidney failure, heart and brain injury, stroke and so onWang Guiqiang, director of the department of infectious diseases at Peking University's First Hospital in, stressed at a State Council press conference that severe lung infections may develop into pulmonary fibrosis, and that some seriously ill patients will have pulmonary fibrosis after being cured, which will affect daily life and develop to a later stage with only lung transplantsin addition to pulmonary fibrosis, the sequelae of the new crown also includes kidney failure, heart and brain injury, stroke and so onJuly 6, 2020, Tang Nan of the Beijing Institute of Life Sciences and Chen Jingyu of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Wuxi People's Hospital published a research paper entitled "Pulmonary alvelloralarlarin in adult COVID-19 patients" online at Cell Researchthe study is the first to find that patients with new coronary pneumonia can have alve osicular regeneration, which helps restore lung function and even solves pulmonary fibrosisthe results openthed to future research to clarify the mechanism of regulating human alveoli regeneration after acute lung injury and to help predict the prognosis of patients with COVID-19has been shown to have alveolar regeneration in many animal models of acute lung injuryanimal models, the results show that alveolar type II (AT2) cells can be used as resident alveoli stem cells, can multiply and differentiate into alveobubble Type I (AT1) cells after lung damage, resulting in the formation of new alveoliHowever, due to the lack of human lung specimens and alve olive regenerative-specific molecular markers, it is not clear whether there is alveolar regeneration after acute lung injury in humansIn patients with severe new coronary pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2 can directly attack alve osphthaltet epithelial cells, leading to the death of a large number of AT2 cellsBut it is not clear whether lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has had lung cancer regeneration, and studying the problem will help improve our understanding of new coronary pneumonia and predict the patient's prognosisin this study, the researchers recruited two patients with new coronary pneumoniapatient 1 is a 58-year-old male and patient 2 is a 54-year-old maleneither patient had a history of lung disease before contracting SARS-CoV-2after suffering from new coronary pneumonia, has been carried out non-invasive ventilation, intubation, invasive ventilation and in vitro membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and other treatmentlung haemorrhage and extensive pulmonary fibrosis, patients 1 and patient 2 underwent lung transplants on the 38th day of the disease and the 90th day of the disease( Figure a, b)photo source: Cell Research's lung specimen, Sumusin-E, showed that there were still significant multiple cell aggregates in the alveoli cavity, indicating severe diffuse damage to the alveoli (Figure a)immunofluoric staining showed a large number of type I collagen deposition and proliferation of alpha-SMA-myo-fibroblasts, indicating changes in pulmonary fibrosis, only a very small number of HTI-56-AT1 cells were observed in both patients' lung samples, indicating significant loss of AT1 cells (Figure b)note, there are a large number of AT2 cells in the alveoli region that gather in the alveoli epithelial cortex (Figure b)About 1.1% of AT2 cells in patient1 lung samples in patients withpatients and about 10% of AT2 cells in patients 2 lung samples were Ki67 plus positive, indicating that AT2 cells are proliferating (Figure b)dyeing of phosphoric acid albumin H3 and PCNA also showed an increase in AT2 cell proliferationin general, these results show that AT2 cells can multiply after SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damagePicture Source: Research conducted by Cell Research shows that at human and mouse lung tissue, AT2 cells have a brief intermediate cell state as they differentiate into AT1 cells this intermediate state of AT2 cells has three instantaneously expressed markers: Claudin 4 (CLDN4), Stratifin (SFN) and Keratin 8 (KRT8) these markers are rarely detected in lung specimens in healthy people , however, the study found that in the lung samples of these two patients with new coronary pneumonia, more HTiI280 plus AT2 cells expressed CLDN4, SFN, or KRT8 (Figure 1c-e) , these results show edire of AT2 cells in the lungs of patients with neo-coronary pneumonia picture source: Cell Research, given that markers in AT2 intermediate cell state cells are expressed only instantaneously in differentiated AT2 cells and not in AT1 cells , the researchers then used a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to study the potential differentiation of AT2 cells (figure f) consistent with immunostaining results, TEM results showed a significant decrease in AT1 cells in the new coronary pneumonia lung specimen , however, in normal lung samples, AT1 cells were significantly more suggest that lung AT2 cells in patients with new crown pneumonia may be involved in alveolar regeneration by differentiation into AT1-like cells picture source: Cell Research in rodents, it takes weeks for the alveoli to regenerate and restore lung function so far, there has been no study to confirm whether new alve oligoscosis structures can be produced in lung tissue in adults this study, patients with COVID-19 develop alveolar regeneration at the 38th day after the initial symptoms more in-depth imaging and mechanism studies are needed in the future to explain whether alve ossal structures with new functions can be formed in patients with COVID-19 in general, pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most common complications of viral pneumonia-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome the study found that alveolar regeneration, which may help restore lung function, can also occur in patients with viral pneumonia Although there are currently at least four vaccine candidates in China, they are about to enter Phase III clinical trials and are expected to be available by the end of 2020 or early next year the battle between humans and viruses is far from over! The prognosis of patients with new crown pneumonia is another problem that needs to be solved urgently this study is significant, providing a new direction for the study of post-acute lung injury, and helping to predict the prognosis of PATIENTs with COVID-19 this smoke-free war requires the joint efforts of all mankind but now, is not taken lightly, for their own health and family health, friends must do a good job of protection! We believe that as long as we are united, we will finally get through the difficulties References: S1 Johns Hopkins University Real-Time Statistics .