To test the hypothesis that lipoprotein E subtypes affect mitochondrial structure and function associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), researchers recently systematically studied the effects of lipoprotein E subtypes on mitochondrial biodynamics and dynamics, oxidative stress, synapses, and cognitive performance in ADThe researchers obtained posthumous human brain samples and measured the protein responsible for the bio-production of mitochondria (peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor-cyplidie-1 alpha-1 alpha-1-1-and-sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) as well as mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusin 1 (MFN1)mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and dynamic protein-like protein s1 (DLP1), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and fork box protein O3a (Foxo3a)) and synapses (post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synapsin 1 (Syn1) associated with proteinsThe study included a total of 46 samples, including lipoprotein E-4 carriers (n s 21) and non-carriers (n s 25)The researchers compared the levels of these proteins between ApoE-4 carriers and non-carriersApoE-?4 is associated with impaired structure and function of mitochondria, oxidative stress and synaptic integrityCorrelation analysis showed that mitochondrial proteins and synaptic proteins were closely related to cognitive abilityTherefore, lipoprotein E subtypes affect mitochondrial structure and function and are likely to lead to changes in oxidative stress, synapses and cognitive functionThese mitochondrial-related proteins may be a harbinger of cognitive decline in ApoE-4 carriers and provide new therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of AD
