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    Home > Food News > Food Articles > Chen's team found the last piece of the EPAS1 gene puzzle

    Chen's team found the last piece of the EPAS1 gene puzzle

    • Last Update: 2021-02-22
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    back to the Dariga Mountains, facing the Ganga Prairie, about 50 meters above the Ganglagou Valley, the reporter came to the Xiahe Denisovan (hereinafter referred to as Xiahe people) fossil out of the land - The White Rock Cliff Cave. At an altitude of 3,200 meters, it is home to one of the most high-profile ancient humans, the Denisovans.
    June 14-16, Xiahe people's research results will be held in Xiahe County, Gansu Province, released the Chinese Academy of Sciences ChenFaHu academician team on the latest progress of Xiahe people's research. The discovery of the original place of origin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Ancient Stone Age of xiahe people complements the last piece of the puzzle in the study of the source of the EPAS1 gene carried by the modern Tibetan population. The study speculates that the EPAS1 gene may have originated in ancient humans, including the Xiahe people, who lived in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and was later passed on to the tibetan population today. Further study of the Danisois of the Xia River may rewrite the map of human evolutionary migration.2010, Science magazine published EPAS1, a key gene for the adaptation of the Tibetan population in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The first co-author of the study, Professor Jin Xin of the Huada Genetic Research Institute in Shenzhen, said that the key factors affecting the human body in the plateau environment are low pressure low oxygen, atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude, and oxygen pressure decreases. When people living at low altitudes come to the plateau environment, due to the decrease of oxygen pressure, people will produce hypoxia, which causes "highland reaction". EpaS1 gene is an important gene in the low oxygen induction regulation path, which plays a central role in the human body's regulation path in the face of low oxygen environment. The "EPAS1" gene, which is unique to tibetan populations, prevents excessive elevation of hemoglobin concentrations and reduces the likelihood of various plateau diseases. "We found the EPAS1 gene, but we don't know where it came from." Jin Xin told reporters.
    2014, Nature published research that suggests the EPAS1 gene in Tibetans may have originated from the Denisovans. "Although we found the EPAS1 gene in the Denisovan fossils, the Denisovans found the Denisovan cave in Siberia at an altitude of only 700 meters. Living at an altitude of 700 meters does not require the EPAS1 gene to adapt to the oxygen-deprived environment of the plateau. Jin Xin, one of the authors of the paper, said.
    until scientists discovered the Xiahe people and determined that it was unearthed at an altitude of 3,200 meters in the Xiahe White Rock Cave, filling the last piece of the EPAS1 gene source study. The study speculates that the EPAS1 gene may have originated in the Xiahe people who lived at high altitudes for a long time and then passed it on to the tibetan population today.Dongju, an associate professor at Lanzhou University, said the White Rock Cliff Cave is located at the foot of the White Rock Cliffs on the north side of the Ganga Basin, and the cave is about 5 meters wide and 8 meters high. There are relatively flat passages at the mouth of the hole. At the entrance of the cave about 30-50 meters, the reporter saw the two exploration parties that had been excavated before, a total of four square meters, divided into ten formations, a total of more than 1400 pieces of stone products collected, more than 500 pieces of animal bones.
    stone products collected in the new area are mainly stone tablets, stone cores, tools and breaks. Animal bones are mainly broken limb bones, identified animal species are rhinoceros, bison, wild horses / donkeys, hyenas and wild sheep / antelope, and the late Pleusive widespread grassland environment in northern Eurasia, "mammoths - furry rhinoceros herd" highly similar. The identification of rhinoceros and hyena bones have more knocking and cutting marks, identified as the result of man-made activities, further proving that human activity is the main factor in the accumulation of animal bones in caves. Rich animal remains provide important information for understanding the living patterns of the Paleozoic population of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (the patterns of ancient human production, access to food) and the adaptation of the highland environment.Zhang Dongju,
    , said preliminary test results showed that the upper cultural layer of the site (cultural accumulation caused by human activities) was formed at least 40,000 years ago and should be the oldest known archaeological site on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau., a researcher at the Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that based on a comprehensive analysis of the jawbones of xiahe people, it does not belong to any known ancient or modern population. Gao speculated that the Summer River may have been the home of the earlier Denisovans, while the Denisovans in the Altai Mountains may have been descendants. Further study of the Danisois of the Xia River may rewrite the map of human evolutionary migration.
    , director of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said the environmental effects of prehistoric human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are of reference significance. Different scholars have different understandings of the history of prehistoric human expansion into the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The history of human activities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a major scientific issue that has attracted much attention all over the world, and disputes and breakthrough opportunities coexist.
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